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Jul 3, 2025 Congress passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act after final House approval Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The final passage completed a major policy shift through a narrow partisan process that tested congressional independence and procedure.
Supporting reports
- Hakeem Jeffries delivers record-breaking House floor speech against GOP tax bill — On Thursday, Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries delivered the longest House floor speech in history, speaking for over eight hours to delay a vote on Donald Trump's $4.5 trillion tax-and-spending bill.
- House of Representatives Advances Trump’s Tax-and-Spending Bill — The House of Representatives advanced Donald Trump's tax-and-spending bill, known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, after a procedural vote.
- Passage of Trump's Signature Tax and Spending Bill — On July 3, 2025, the U.S.
Jul 1, 2025 The Trump administration withheld nearly $7 billion in federal school funding Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The withholding tested executive control over congressionally appropriated funds and put federal leverage over schools at the center of a legal dispute.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Withholds Federal School Funding — The Trump administration withheld nearly $7 billion in federal funding for schools on July 1, 2025, citing a review of funds supporting various educational programs.
- Trump’s Education Department withholds $6.8 billion in school funding — The Trump administration announced it is withholding $6.8 billion in K–12 school funding that was legally required to be disbursed starting today.
Jun 28, 2025 The Senate voted down a resolution to restrict further military escalation against Iran Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The vote left war-making authority more concentrated in the executive branch and weakened a legislative check on armed conflict.
Supporting reports
- US Senate votes down resolution to restrict Trump from escalating Iran war — On June 27, 2025, the US Senate voted down a war-powers resolution aimed at limiting former President Donald Trump's ability to escalate military actions against Iran.
Jun 28, 2025 The Supreme Court limited lower courts' ability to issue nationwide injunctions in Trump v. CASA Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The ruling reduced a key judicial check on federal policy and increased the executive's room to act while litigation proceeds.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court Ruling on Birthright Citizenship and Nationwide Injunctions — The U.S.
- Supreme Court limits federal judges' power in Trump v. CASA — The Supreme Court decided the case of Trump v.
- Supreme Court ruling on Trump's birthright citizenship executive order — The Supreme Court ruled in a 6-3 decision that lower courts cannot impose nationwide bans against an executive order issued by Donald Trump, which limits automatic birthright citizenship.
Jun 28, 2025 President Trump ordered military strikes on Iranian nuclear sites Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The strikes showed direct presidential use of military force with major consequences for war powers, oversight, and foreign policy accountability.
Supporting reports
- Trump orders military strikes on Iran — President Donald Trump announced on his Truth Social platform that he ordered military strikes involving over 125 aircraft and 75 weapons, including bunker-busting bombs, targeting three sites in Iran to prevent the
- US Bombardment on Iranian Nuclear Facilities — The United States conducted a direct bombardment on Iranian nuclear facilities, marking a significant escalation in tensions between the two countries.