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Sep 19, 2025 Cynthia Lummis rejected First Amendment as an ultimate right Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
A sitting senator publicly abandoned commitment to First Amendment protections, signaling willingness to restrict speech rights.
Supporting reports
- Senator Cynthia Lummis states First Amendment should not be ultimate right — Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) stated that she no longer believes the First Amendment should be the ultimate right, departing from her previous position. Lummis made the statement in the context of the killing of Charlie Kirk, suggesting that extraordinary circumstances justify limiting constitutional protections.
- Senator Cynthia Lummis rejected absolute First Amendment protections — Senator Cynthia Lummis, R-Wyoming, stated that she no longer believes the First Amendment should be the "ultimate right" with "almost no checks and balances," reversing her previous position. She argued that cultural changes justify limiting speech rights and cited concerns about insults leading to violence against politicians.
Sep 16, 2025 Pam Bondi made statements about prosecuting "hate speech" then backtracked Corroborated Information, Memory and Manipulation
Initial statements suggested using federal criminal law against protected political speech before public backlash forced clarification.
Supporting reports
- AG Bondi echoed authoritarian comments about prosecuting Democrats for "hate speech" — Attorney General Pam Bondi appeared on Katie Miller's podcast and stated the DOJ would "absolutely target you, go after you, if you are targeting anyone with hate speech," echoing similar comments made by JD Vance and Stephen Miller. She then stated on Fox that the DOJ is criminally investigating an Office Depot employee who refused to print posters of Charlie Kirk, and claimed companies are obligated to fire employees critical of Kirk. After significant backlash from Republicans and conservatives, Bondi posted a clarification on social media hours later narrowing her comments to threats of violence, which are already illegal under existing federal statutes.
- Attorney General Pam Bondi declared freedom of speech does not extend to "hate speech" — Attorney General Pam Bondi declared that freedom of speech does not extend to "hate speech," adopting a position long advocated by progressive activists and resisted by conservatives. The statement prompted backlash from conservatives, and Bondi subsequently backtracked, clarifying that "hate speech" would not be prosecuted.
Sep 14, 2025 Stephen Miller posted inflammatory characterizations of public employees as "radicalized" Corroborated Information, Memory and Manipulation
A senior official's rhetoric characterizing government employees as extremist threats could justify targeting or purging them from institutions.
Supporting reports
- Stephen Miller posted that Americans in positions of authority have been "deeply and violently radicalized" — White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller posted that Americans in positions of authority—including child services workers, law clerks, hospital nurses, teachers, and Department of Defense employees—have been "deeply and violently radicalized" as a consequence of "a vast, organized ecosystem of indoctrination."
- White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller posted attack on political opponents characterizing them as an ideology of violence — White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller posted on social media an attack on his political opponents, characterizing them as an ideology that "hates everything that is good, righteous and beautiful" and leads "always, inevitably and willfully, to violence." The post came before information emerged about the shooter in the death of right-wing activist Charlie Kirk.
- Stephen Miller characterized political opposition as "wicked ideology" — Stephen Miller characterized the current moment in America as a battle between "family and nature" and those who celebrate "everything that is warped, twisted and depraved," stating that the "fate of millions depends upon the defeat of this wicked ideology." This rhetoric framed political opponents as existential threats requiring defeat.
Sep 14, 2025 Elon Musk declared "the left is the party of murder" Corroborated Information, Memory and Manipulation
Amplified inflammatory false accusations against half the country spread divisive disinformation on a major platform.
Supporting reports
- Elon Musk declared "the left is the party of murder" — Elon Musk posted on X that "The left is the party of murder and celebrating murder," making a sweeping accusation without evidence that Democrats celebrate political violence.
Sep 4, 2025 Trump threatened to revoke Rosie O'Donnell's citizenship over political criticism Corroborated Power and Authority
A public threat to strip citizenship from a critic represents an attempt to use presidential power to punish protected political speech.
Supporting reports
- Trump posted threat to revoke Rosie O'Donnell's citizenship — President Trump posted a distorted photo of Rosie O'Donnell on Truth Social with a caption stating: "We are giving serious thought to taking away Rosie O'Donnell's Citizenship. She is not a Great American and is, in my opinion, incapable of being so!" The post threatened revocation of citizenship based on political disagreement and personal animus.
Aug 28, 2025 FBI accessed a private encrypted group chat of immigration court-watch activists and labeled them extremists Corroborated Information, Memory and Manipulation
Surveillance of lawful civic observers of public court proceedings and mischaracterizing them as violent extremists chilled protected civic monitoring.
Supporting reports
- FBI accessed private Signal group chat of immigration court-watch activists — The FBI gained access to encrypted Signal conversations of New York immigration activists organizing "courtwatch" efforts to monitor public federal immigration court proceedings. An August 2025 joint FBI-NYPD report quoted from the private chat and characterized court watchers as "anarchist violent extremist actors," despite the courtwatch activities being non-violent legal observation of public hearings. The report was distributed to law enforcement agencies nationwide. The method of access to the encrypted platform remains unclear.
Jul 23, 2025 Trump directed Republican members of Congress to deflect Epstein questions by repeating false claims that Obama cheated in the 2016 election Tier 1 · Primary Information, Memory and Manipulation
A coordinated deflection strategy used demonstrably false claims to redirect scrutiny away from the president.
Supporting reports
- Trump directed Republican congressmembers to deflect questions about Epstein files by claiming Obama cheated in 2016 election — During a morning meeting with Republican members of Congress, President Trump stated his popularity is rising and instructed them to redirect questions away from the Epstein files by repeatedly claiming that former president Barack Obama cheated in the 2016 election. Trump requested that cameramen cut cameras during the accusation, though the recording continued uninterrupted. He told congressmembers to use the Obama claim as a deflection tactic for any "inappropriate" questions.
Jul 22, 2025 Trump called for prosecution of Obama, Biden, Clinton, and Rice based on Gabbard's disputed intelligence claims Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The president publicly demanded criminal charges against political rivals using contested intelligence, weaponizing rhetoric against the peaceful transfer of power.
Supporting reports
- Trump calls for prosecution of Obama and senior officials — President Trump, responding to DNI Gabbard's report, called for the prosecution of former President Obama, Joe Biden, Hillary Clinton, and Susan Rice, claiming they committed treason and orchestrated a coup. Trump posted on Truth Social that "Obama himself manufactured the Russia, Russia, Russia HOAX" and called it "THE CRIME OF THE CENTURY" and "Irrefutable EVIDENCE." He demanded severe consequences for those involved.
- Trump baselessly accused Obama of committing treason — Speaking to reporters in the Oval Office, Trump baselessly accused Obama of committing treason, falsely claiming the former president and his administration "tried to rig the [2016] election, and they got caught. And there should be very severe consequences for that." Obama's spokesperson responded that the claims are "outrageous" and "ridiculous," noting that documents issued by Gabbard "undercuts the widely accepted conclusion that Russia worked to influence the 2016 presidential election."
- Trump accused Obama and Clinton of treason and election rigging — When asked about Deputy Attorney General Blanche's meeting with Maxwell, Trump attacked former President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, claiming they "tried to rig the [2016] election, and they got caught" and should face "very severe consequences." Trump referenced allegations made by Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard on Friday, in which she called for prosecution of Obama and former senior national security officials for a "treasonous conspiracy" against Trump related to Russian interference in the 2016 election.
- Trump directed Republican congressmembers to deflect questions about Epstein files by claiming Obama cheated in 2016 election — During a morning meeting with Republican members of Congress, President Trump stated his popularity is rising and instructed them to redirect questions away from the Epstein files by repeatedly claiming that former president Barack Obama cheated in the 2016 election. Trump requested that cameramen cut cameras during the accusation, though the recording continued uninterrupted. He told congressmembers to use the Obama claim as a deflection tactic for any "inappropriate" questions.
- Trump publicly calls for prosecution of Obama, alleging "coup" and "treason" — Donald Trump told reporters that Barack Obama attempted to lead a "coup" against him and committed "treason" by allegedly manufacturing evidence of Russian interference in the 2016 election. Trump named Obama as the primary target of a criminal investigation recommended in a report by Tulsi Gabbard, the director of national intelligence. Obama's office responded with an emphatic public refutation, breaking precedent to reject the accusations as "outrageous" and "ridiculous," and reaffirmed that Russia's 2016 interference was confirmed by bipartisan Senate investigation and the Mueller report.
Jul 8, 2025 Trump dismissed Epstein-related documents as fabrications by political opponents and urged supporters to ignore them Corroborated Information, Memory and Manipulation
Reframing investigative material as partisan fabrication discourages public scrutiny of matters potentially touching the president.
Supporting reports
- Trump claims Epstein files are fabrications by political opponents and discourages public interest — On July 8, after sustained criticism from his MAGA base over the administration's handling of Epstein-related disclosures, Trump dismissed the controversy as a "desecration" of flood victims. When criticism persisted, Trump posted on Truth Social claiming that additional Epstein files exist but were "written by Obama, Crooked Hillary, Comey, Brennan, and the Losers and Criminals of the Biden Administration." He urged supporters to "not waste Time and Energy on Jeffrey Epstein, somebody that nobody cares about." This statement contradicted the administration's earlier promise to release such files and reframed legitimate investigative material as partisan fabrication.
Jun 15, 2025 President Trump called for mass deportations focused on major Democratic-run cities Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The directive framed immigration enforcement as a political campaign against opposition-led cities, expanding executive coercion through selective targeting.
Supporting reports
- Trump calls for mass deportations in social media post — In a social media post, Trump ordered ICE officers to focus on mass deportations, particularly in major cities with significant immigrant populations. The post included inflammatory rhetoric against Democrats and immigrants, framing the deportation efforts as a response to crime and social issues.
- Trump posts on social media calling for mass deportations — In a social media post, former President Trump ordered ICE officers to focus on mass deportations in major cities, framing the issue as a battle against Democrats and illegal immigration. The post followed the violent attack on lawmakers and indicated a continued push for aggressive immigration policies.
- Trump called for ICE to target Democrat-run cities — Trump stated that he wants ICE to focus on cities run by Democrats, claiming they use illegal immigrants to expand their voter base. He announced a goal for a mass deportation program targeting these cities.
- Trump Announces ICE Expansion — President Trump announced on Truth Social that ICE would intensify efforts to detain and deport undocumented immigrants in major cities like Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York. This move targets areas he describes as "Democrat Power Centers."
- Trump announces immigration raids targeting political opponents — On June 13, 2025, Trump posted on Truth Social announcing that future immigration raids would focus on cities with large populations of undocumented immigrants, specifically targeting areas associated with his political opponents, such as Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York. He claimed that Democrats use undocumented immigrants to expand their voter base and undermine the country. This statement reflects a strategic shift in immigration enforcement aimed at political gain. Source: https://popular.info/p/trumps-abrupt-policy-switch-on-immigration Category: Law Enforcement & Surveillance Why Relevant: This announcement illustrates the politicization of immigration enforcement, using government resources to target political adversaries rather than focusing on immigration law enforcement uniformly. attacks: [workers, congress]
Jun 14, 2025 Immigration and Customs Enforcement planned special response deployments to several Democratic-led cities Corroborated Civil Rights and Dissent
The move linked immigration enforcement with protest management and raised fears of militarized policing of dissent in opposition-led areas.
Supporting reports
- ICE Plans to Deploy Special Response Teams to Democratic Cities — Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) plans to deploy SWAT-style special response teams to several Democratic-led cities, including Seattle, Philadelphia, northern Virginia, New York, and Chicago, in anticipation of protests. This move follows the use of federalized National Guard units and marines in response to protests in Los Angeles. The deployment is part of a broader strategy by the Trump administration to increase immigration enforcement and target cities that have been critical of its policies.
Jun 9, 2025 President Trump warned that protesters at his military parade would face very big force Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
The threat signaled possible violent suppression of protest and chilled the exercise of assembly rights.
Supporting reports
- Trump warns against protests during military parade — Former President Trump warned that anyone planning to protest during his birthday military parade would be met with "very big force." He characterized the protesters as people who "hate our country."
- Trump Warns Protesters of Heavy Force at Military Parade — President Trump warned that protesters at his upcoming military parade would be met with "very heavy force," signaling a potential crackdown on dissent. This statement reflects the administration's aggressive stance toward public demonstrations.
Jun 9, 2025 President Trump directed cabinet officials to take action to 'liberate' Los Angeles from a 'Migrant Invasion' Corroborated Power and Authority
The directive framed migration and protest as a security threat, laying political groundwork for expanded federal coercion.
Supporting reports
- Trump issues statement on Los Angeles protests. — President Trump issued a statement directing key cabinet members to take necessary actions to "liberate" Los Angeles from what he described as a "Migrant Invasion," framing the protests as violent riots against federal law enforcement.
Jun 8, 2025 California officials sued the Trump administration over the federalization of the California National Guard Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The lawsuit defended state authority against federal military control and became a major test of constitutional balance between state and national power.
Supporting reports
- California AG Files Lawsuit Against Trump — California Attorney General Rob Bonta announced a lawsuit against former President Trump, challenging the legality of his order to federalize the California National Guard. Bonta argues that the order was unnecessary and escalated tensions, leading to increased unrest. The lawsuit contends that the federalization of the National Guard was an abuse of federal authority and violated state rights.
- California lawsuit against Trump over National Guard deployment — California Governor Gavin Newsom's lawsuit against Trump regarding the federalization of the National Guard is set to be heard by Judge Charles Breyer.
- California Sues Over National Guard Deployment — California filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration to rescind the deployment of the National Guard to Los Angeles, arguing that it violates the state's sovereign rights and was done without lawful federal authority. This legal challenge highlights the ongoing conflict between state and federal powers.
- California files lawsuit against Trump administration over National Guard deployment — On June 9, 2025, California filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration, challenging the federalization of the state's National Guard to manage immigration protests in Los Angeles. The lawsuit claims that President Trump's deployment of troops exceeded federal authority and violated the 10th Amendment, bypassing Governor Gavin Newsom's authority. California Attorney General Rob Bonta announced the legal action, seeking a court declaration that the deployment was unlawful and a restraining order to halt the use of troops. The lawsuit argues that the federal intervention was unnecessary and escalated tensions.
- California Governor announces lawsuit against Trump administration — Governor Gavin Newsom announced plans to sue the Trump administration over its decision to deploy the National Guard to Los Angeles without state consent. The lawsuit, previewed by California Attorney General Rob Bonta, argues that the federal government overstepped its authority and violated state sovereignty. Newsom and Bonta contend that the deployment was unnecessary and inflammatory, as there was no significant threat that warranted such federal intervention. The legal challenge aims to protect state rights and prevent federal overreach in state matters.
- California sues federal government over National Guard deployment — The state of California has filed a lawsuit against the federal government following President Trump's deployment of 2,000 National Guard members to Los Angeles without the consent of Governor Gavin Newsom. The lawsuit claims this action violates state sovereignty and challenges the legality of federal intervention in state matters.
- California Attorney General and Governor Sue Trump Over National Guard Deployment — California attorney general Rob Bonta and Governor Gavin Newsom filed a lawsuit against President Trump and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth for the unauthorized federalization of the California National Guard, calling the order unlawful and inflammatory.
- Case update — Newsom v. Trump (N.D. Cal.) 3:25-cv-04870 — State Attorneys General submitted an amicus brief in support of Plaintiffs.
- Temporary restraining order ruling — Newsom v. Trump (N.D. Cal.) 3:25-cv-04870 — State Attorneys General submitted an amicus brief in support of Defendants.
- Federal judge rules against Trump's troop deployment in LA — In a brief , the Department of Justice called the claims “baseless,” arguing that judicial intervention “would not only hinder federal law enforcement but also expose federal employees and property to violence and vandalism by the rioters in Los Angeles.”
- Judge Rules Against Trump's Federalization of National Guard — Judge Breyer heard arguments on California's request for a temporary order restraining Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth from ordering National Guard troops and Marines to support immigration raids in Los Angeles.
- — Judge Breyer granted a temporary restraining order enjoining the administration from deploying members of the California National Guard in Los Angeles and directing the administration to return control of the California National Guard to Governor Newsom.
- — A federal judge ruled that President Trump's deployment of federal troops to Los Angeles to assist in civilian law enforcement was unlawful, bypassing congressionally mandated procedures. The ruling came in response to a legal challenge by California Governor Gavin Newsom. However, the administration appealed the decision, and a higher court temporarily paused the restraining order, allowing the deployment to continue until a hearing scheduled for the following Tuesday.
- — U.S. District Judge Charles R. Breyer ruled that President Trump unlawfully federalized the California National Guard, ordering the return of troops to Governor Gavin Newsom's control. The judge granted a restraining order but delayed enforcement until Friday at noon, while a panel of the 9th Circuit issued a stay allowing Trump to retain control until a hearing on June 17.
Jun 7, 2025 The Justice Department was asked to investigate Democratic politicians' statements about unmasking ICE agents Corroborated Civil Rights and Dissent
Treating criticism of immigration enforcement as a possible criminal matter threatened protected political speech and dissent.
Supporting reports
- DOJ to Investigate Statements by Democratic Politicians — The Trump administration has asked the Justice Department to investigate statements made by Democratic politicians, including calls for ICE agents to be unmasked, to determine if they threaten ICE officers. This move is part of a broader effort to scrutinize and potentially criminalize political speech against federal immigration enforcement.
Jun 5, 2025 The administration and universities intensified a crackdown on pro-Palestinian student protesters and sought detentions and deportations Corroborated Civil Rights and Dissent
The crackdown linked protest activity to immigration punishment and threatened speech and assembly rights on campus.
Supporting reports
- Trump administration crackdown on pro-Palestinian protests — The Trump administration has intensified its crackdown on universities and is detaining and attempting to deport students involved in pro-Palestinian protests, citing the need to combat antisemitism. This move has been criticized as a weaponization of antisemitism to justify anti-immigrant policies. The administration's actions have sparked debates about free speech, protest rights, and the balance between security and civil liberties.
Jun 5, 2025 The House Oversight Committee sought testimony from Joe Biden's former aides about his condition in office Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The inquiry used congressional oversight to question the legitimacy of a prior administration's decision-making.
Supporting reports
- House oversight committee seeks testimony from Biden's aides — The House oversight committee, led by Republican Representative James Comer, has requested transcribed interviews with five of Joe Biden's former senior advisers. The committee is investigating allegations of a cover-up regarding Biden's cognitive state and decision-making during his presidency. Comer has warned that subpoenas will be issued if the aides do not voluntarily schedule interviews. This inquiry is part of a larger Republican campaign to question the validity of Biden's actions as president.
Jun 5, 2025 Justice Department attorney Ed Martin opened an inquiry into Joe Biden's clemencies Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The inquiry used legal process to revisit a former president's clemency decisions, raising questions about neutral administration of justice.
Supporting reports
- Justice Department launches inquiry into Biden's clemencies — A separate inquiry has been initiated by Justice Department attorney Ed Martin into the clemencies issued by Joe Biden during his final days in office. The investigation focuses on pardons granted to family members and death row inmates. This action is part of a broader effort to scrutinize Biden's presidency and challenge the legitimacy of his executive decisions.
Jun 5, 2025 President Trump ordered an investigation into Joe Biden's presidency over alleged cognitive decline Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order used executive investigative power against a predecessor in a way that could blur oversight, retaliation, and partisan advantage.
Supporting reports
- Trump orders investigation into Biden's presidency over alleged cognitive decline — President Donald Trump has ordered an investigation into former President Joe Biden's actions during his presidency, citing concerns about Biden's cognitive abilities. The investigation, led by Attorney General Pam Bondi and White House Counsel David Warrington, aims to determine who was effectively running the government during Biden's term. This move is part of a broader Republican effort to discredit Biden and challenge his executive actions, including pardons and federal rules. The House oversight committee, chaired by Republican James Comer, is also seeking testimony from Biden's former aides regarding his mental and physical faculties.
Jun 3, 2025 President Trump used the Boulder attack to press for harsher deportation policies Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The response used a violent incident to justify broader coercive immigration policy, expanding executive pressure on a vulnerable population.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Uses Colorado Attack to Push Deportation Agenda — Following an attack in Boulder, Colorado, by Mohamed Sabry Soliman, an Egyptian national who overstayed his tourist visa, the Trump administration has leveraged the incident to advocate for stricter deportation policies. Soliman, charged with a federal hate crime, allegedly targeted an event for Israeli hostages, shouting "Free Palestine" during the attack. The administration has criticized the Biden administration's immigration policies, with Trump and his deputy chief of staff, Stephen Miller, using the attack to call for more deportations and secure borders. The incident has been framed by right-wing commentators as a reason to revisit policies like the Muslim travel ban.
May 31, 2025 President Trump shared a conspiracy theory claiming Joe Biden had been replaced by a clone Tier 1 · Primary Information, Memory and Manipulation
The post spread false claims from the top of politics and undermined reality-based public discourse.
Supporting reports
- Trump Shares Conspiracy Theory About Biden — President Trump shared a conspiracy theory on social media claiming that Joe Biden was assassinated in 2020 and replaced with a clone. The post, which aligns with QAnon narratives, was widely criticized, including by Fox News. This incident reflects ongoing misinformation and conspiracy theories promoted by Trump.
- Trump shares conspiracy theory on social media — On May 31, 2025, President Trump reposted a conspiracy theory on social media claiming that former President Joe Biden was executed in 2020 and that the current figures are clones or robotic entities. This post was accompanied by hashtags promoting his political agenda.
May 29, 2025 President Trump posted a meme invoking QAnon-style messaging after the tariff ruling Tier 1 · Primary Information, Memory and Manipulation
The post amplified conspiratorial framing from a political leader, further blurring the line between official politics and disinformation culture.
Supporting reports
- Trump Posts Meme to Alt-Right Base — Following the court ruling on his tariffs, President Trump posted a meme on his social media account that features him walking towards the viewer with the phrase "He's on a mission from God" above him, referencing QAnon conspiracy theories. This post appears to be an attempt to rally his alt-right supporters amid political challenges.
May 21, 2025 ICE kept Mahmoud Khalil detained after his arrest over pro-Palestinian advocacy Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
Detaining a lawful permanent resident tied to political advocacy raised concerns that immigration power was being used to suppress dissent.
Supporting reports
- ICE Detains Columbia Student Mahmoud Khalil — Mahmoud Khalil, a Columbia University graduate student and green card holder, remains detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in Louisiana. Khalil was arrested in March, allegedly in retaliation for his advocacy for Palestinian rights. Surveillance footage released contradicts claims that Khalil attempted to flee during his arrest. Khalil's detention has sparked protests, including at Columbia's graduation ceremony, where students chanted "Free Mahmoud." An immigration hearing is scheduled for May 22, and Khalil awaits a ruling from a New Jersey judge on his case.
May 21, 2025 Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem revoked Harvard's authority to enroll foreign students Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order used executive immigration power to punish a university, threatening academic autonomy and the legal status of thousands of students.
Supporting reports
- DHS Secretary Kristi Noem revokes Harvard's Foreign Exchange Student Program — DHS Secretary Kristi Noem sent a letter to Harvard University revoking their Foreign Exchange Student Program effective immediately, preventing the enrollment of additional foreign students and requiring current students to transfer or leave the country. This action follows Harvard's failure to comply with reporting requirements requested by Noem. Legal challenges are expected in federal court in Boston.
- Trump Administration Revokes Harvard’s Ability to Enroll International Students — The Trump administration revoked Harvard University's ability to enroll international students, citing alleged anti-American activities. This decision affects thousands of students and raises concerns about academic freedom and international education.
May 20, 2025 President Trump announced an investigation into Biden's use of an autopen for executive orders Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
Questioning the legitimacy of a predecessor's official acts through executive investigation risked turning state power into a tool for political delegitimization.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration to Investigate Biden’s Use of Autopen — Trump announced plans to investigate the Biden administration's use of the autopen for signing executive orders, questioning Biden's awareness of the orders. This investigation is part of ongoing efforts to challenge the legitimacy of Biden's presidency.