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Jul 30, 2026 The Senate rejected a resolution to limit Trump's authority to continue military operations in Iran Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The vote left broad war-making discretion with the executive and showed Congress declining to reassert its institutional role over hostilities.
Supporting reports
- US Senate rejects bid to limit Trump's war authority over Iran — On July 30, 2026, the US Senate narrowly rejected a resolution aimed at limiting former President Donald Trump's authority to conduct military operations in Iran.
Jul 22, 2026 House Republicans approved a $73 billion Iran-war budget plan and a separate budget resolution for a $95 billion reconciliation bill Corroborated Institutions and Governance
War funding and reconciliation maneuvers tested how far Congress would support executive conflict expansion and attach voting changes to fiscal bills.
Supporting reports
- House Republicans approve $73bn war budget — House Republicans approved a budget plan authorizing $73 billion for the ongoing war with Iran.
- House Republicans pass budget resolution for $95bn bill — On Wednesday, House Republicans passed a budget resolution with a narrow 216-214 vote, initiating the process to draft a $95 billion reconciliation bill.
- House Votes on Budget Resolution for GOP Reconciliation Package — The House of Representatives is voting on a budget resolution that sets the stage for a third GOP reconciliation package.
Jul 21, 2026 Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth asked the Senate for nearly $88 billion in supplemental Iran-war funding and defended a much larger military budget Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
Large war and budget requests forced Congress to confront executive military expansion through appropriations and oversight.
Supporting reports
- Defense Secretary Requests Additional $88 Billion for War on Iran — During a Senate appropriations committee hearing, U.S.
- Pete Hegseth Testifies on Military Budget Increase — On July 21, 2026, U.S.
- Pentagon Requests Additional Funding Amid War Costs — Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Dan Caine testified before the Senate Appropriations Committee, requesting an urgent $67 billion to sustain Pentagon operations until
Jul 15, 2026 Ramsey County officials and advocacy groups filed lawsuits over DHS records and ICC-related sanctions Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The suits sought court review of federal secrecy and sanctions powers, pressing institutional limits on executive action.
Supporting reports
- Complaint filed — Choi v. U.S Department of Homeland Security — On July 15, 2026, Ramsey County Attorney John Choi and Ramsey County Sheriff Bob Fletcher filed a complaint against the U.S.
- Complaint filed — Democracy for the Arab World Now, Inc. d/b/a DAWN v. Trump — On July 15, 2026, two U.S.
- US groups file lawsuit against Trump administration over ICC sanctions — Two US advocacy groups, Democracy in the Arab World Now (Dawn) and the Taxpayer Alliance Against Genocide, have filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration in federal court in Manhattan.
Feb 12, 2026 The House of Representatives voted to rescind tariffs on Canada imposed under a national emergency Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The vote was a legislative check on presidential use of emergency powers to drive trade policy without normal congressional control.
Supporting reports
- US House votes to rescind Trump-imposed tariffs on Canada — The US House of Representatives voted 219 to 211 to rescind tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump on Canada, marking a rare bipartisan rebuke of the president's trade policy.
Jan 20, 2026 Bipartisan lawmakers announced legislation to block Trump's threatened tariffs on European allies Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The effort sought to reclaim congressional authority over trade and check executive use of emergency powers for geopolitical coercion.
Supporting reports
- US Lawmakers Announce Legislative Action to Block Trump's Tariffs — On January 20, 2026, US lawmakers from both parties announced plans to introduce legislative measures to block President Donald Trump's threatened tariffs on European allies.
Sep 8, 2025 The Supreme Court agreed to hear Trump’s tariff appeal and consolidated related cases Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The Court’s intervention put a major dispute over presidential trade authority on a fast track with broad institutional stakes.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court to Decide on Trump’s Tariffs — The US Supreme Court is set to decide on the legality of former President Donald Trump's tariffs, which have been challenged in lower courts.
- Supreme Court to Hear Trump's Tariff Appeal — The Supreme Court agreed to hear Trump's emergency appeal on the legality of his global tariffs, with oral arguments set for November.
- Supreme Court grants certiorari and consolidates cases involving President Trump — The Supreme Court granted a petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment in the case of Learning Resources, Inc., et al.
Sep 8, 2025 The Supreme Court temporarily allowed Trump to withhold nearly $5 billion in congressionally appropriated foreign aid Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order gave the executive branch more room to delay or nullify spending decisions made by Congress.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court Allows Trump to Withhold $5bn in Foreign Aid — The US Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Roberts, temporarily halted a lower court's order requiring the Trump administration to spend nearly $5 billion in foreign aid that Congress had appropriated.
- Partial Stay on District Court Order in Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition — The Supreme Court, through Chief Justice John G.
- Trump Administration Files Emergency Appeal on Foreign Aid — The Trump administration filed an emergency appeal to the Supreme Court to freeze billions in foreign aid after a lower court ruled the funds must be spent before they expire.
Sep 3, 2025 The Trump administration filed emergency appeals over the tariff ruling and the FTC commissioner reinstatement Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The appeals sought Supreme Court backing for broader presidential control over trade and independent agencies.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Files Emergency Appeal on Tariffs — The Trump administration filed an emergency appeal with the Supreme Court to reverse a lower court ruling that found most of the president's tariffs illegal, arguing that the tariffs promote economic prosperity.
- Trump Files Emergency Appeal on FTC Appointee — Trump filed an emergency appeal with the Supreme Court to block the reinstatement of a Biden-appointed FTC member, challenging the legality of her termination.
- Trump petitions US Supreme Court to overturn trade tariffs ruling — Former President Donald Trump has filed a petition with the US Supreme Court to overturn a federal appeals court decision that deemed his trade tariffs illegal.
Jun 23, 2025 A federal judge in New York blocked President Trump’s use of the Alien Enemies Act to deport Venezuelan migrants Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The ruling limited an expansive emergency theory of executive deportation power and reaffirmed that old wartime statutes have legal boundaries.
Supporting reports
- Federal Court Blocks Trump's Use of Alien Enemies Act — A federal judge in New York ruled against President Trump's invocation of the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to deport Venezuelan migrants, stating that the law does not justify treating the migrants as an "invasion" or
Mar 13, 2025 House Republicans passed a measure to block Congress from challenging President Trump's tariff emergency Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The maneuver weakened Congress's own checking power and made emergency tariff authority harder to reverse.
Supporting reports
- House Republicans pass measure to limit congressional challenge to tariffs — On March 12, 2025, House Republicans passed a measure that effectively prevents Congress from challenging President Trump’s tariffs by stating that “each day…shall not constitute a calendar day” for the purposes of
- House Republicans passed measure to limit Congress's ability to challenge tariffs