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Trait 10
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Jan 13, 2026 Defendants in American Association of University Professors v. Trump appealed a preliminary injunction to the Ninth Circuit Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The appeal kept judicial review active in a case involving federal pressure on academic institutions and speech.
Supporting reports
- American Association of University Professors v. Trump (N.D. Cal.) 3:25-cv-07864 — Defendants appealed the Nov. 14 preliminary injunction order to the Ninth Circuit. — Defendants appealed the Nov.
Jan 13, 2026 Defendants in State of California v. Department of Transportation moved to dismiss their First Circuit appeal Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The move narrowed an appellate fight over contested federal action and left lower-court constraints in place for the moment.
Supporting reports
- State of California v. United States Department of Transportation (D.R.I.) 1:25-cv-00208 — Defendants voluntarily moved to dismiss their First Circuit appeal. — Defendants voluntarily moved to dismiss their First Circuit appeal.
Jan 13, 2026 Twelve states sued HHS over grant conditions tied to a federal order on sex and gender Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The suit challenged executive attempts to reshape state-funded programs through contested grant conditions rather than new legislation.
Supporting reports
- State of New York et al v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (D.R.I) 1:26-cv-00022 — Case filed — Case filed On Jan.
Jan 13, 2026 Judge Paul Engelmayer ordered the Justice Department to explain its noncompliance with the Epstein Files Transparency Act Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The order used judicial authority to press executive compliance with a transparency law that Congress had already enacted.
Supporting reports
- Judge Orders DOJ to Explain Non-Compliance with Epstein Files Act — Judge Paul Engelmayer ordered the Trump DOJ to explain its refusal to comply with the Epstein Files Transparency Act.
Jan 12, 2026 Congress had an unresolved compliance fight over the Epstein Files Transparency Act Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The dispute tested whether Congress could enforce a transparency law against executive resistance and preserve oversight credibility.
Supporting reports
- Congress passed the Epstein Files Transparency Act — The United States Congress passed the Epstein Files Transparency Act, which requires the Department of Justice to release all files related to the investigation of Jeffrey Epstein by December 19, 2025.
Jan 12, 2026 Representatives Ro Khanna and Thomas Massie asked a federal judge to appoint outside monitors to force release of Epstein files Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The request showed lawmakers turning to courts to enforce transparency when ordinary oversight tools failed.
Supporting reports
- House Judiciary Committee sought judicial intervention for Epstein files — On January 8, 2026, Representatives Ro Khanna and Thomas Massie asked U.S.
Jan 12, 2026 The Senate advanced a bill to require congressional approval for further military action in Venezuela Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The measure sought to reclaim legislative war powers and limit unilateral executive escalation abroad.
Supporting reports
- Senate advanced bill to limit Trump's actions in Venezuela — The Senate advanced a bill aimed at preventing the Trump administration from taking further military action against Venezuela without congressional approval.
Jan 12, 2026 The Senate agreed to install a plaque honoring Capitol Police officers from January 6 Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The action used institutional memory to affirm the legitimacy of Congress and the defense of constitutional order.
Supporting reports
- Senate unanimously agreed to honor Capitol Police — On January 6, 2026, the Senate unanimously agreed to install a plaque honoring the Capitol Police who protected the U.S.
Jan 12, 2026 Representative Jamie Raskin and a House committee sought records on whether pardoned January 6 defendants were hired by ICE Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The inquiry aimed to test whether a federal law enforcement agency had absorbed people tied to an attack on democratic institutions.
Supporting reports
- House Committee Investigates Pardoned Rioters in ICE — A House committee is investigating whether any of the Capitol riot defendants pardoned by Trump are now employed by ICE.
Jan 12, 2026 House Democratic leaders warned they might withhold support for DHS funding without stronger ICE oversight Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The threat used Congress’s spending power to press for accountability conditions on federal enforcement agencies.
Supporting reports
- House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries on DHS Supplemental Funding Bill — House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries expressed concerns about the conduct of ICE and its lack of accountability.
Jan 12, 2026 A federal judge issued and maintained an injunction limiting DHS dispersal of journalists, and DHS appealed it Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The litigation tested whether courts could preserve press protections against aggressive protest policing by federal officers.
Supporting reports
- DHS appeals federal judge's injunction protecting journalists — The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) appealed a federal judge's temporary injunction that prevents DHS officers from dispersing journalists without probable cause.
- Federal judge issues temporary injunction against DHS dispersal of journalists — A federal judge issued a temporary injunction in September, ruling that Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officers cannot legally disperse individuals they know or should reasonably know are journalists without
Jan 12, 2026 Senator Mark Kelly sued Pete Hegseth over efforts to reduce his military rank and pension Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The suit challenged executive retaliation against a lawmaker and defended separation between military discipline and congressional speech.
Supporting reports
- Mark Kelly files lawsuit against Pete Hegseth over military rank reduction — On January 11, 2026, Democratic US Senator Mark Kelly filed a lawsuit in Washington DC federal court against Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.
- Kelly v. Hegseth (D.D.C.) 1:26-cv-00081 — Plaintiff moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction. — Plaintiff moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction.
- Senator Mark Kelly Sues Pete Hegseth — Senator Mark Kelly (D-AZ) has filed a lawsuit against Pete Hegseth, seeking an injunction to prevent Hegseth from reducing Kelly's Navy rank and retirement pay.
Jan 12, 2026 Minnesota, Minneapolis, and St. Paul sued the Trump administration to halt the federal immigration surge Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The case asked courts to police federal overreach and protect state authority, civil rights, and local governance from coercive enforcement.
Supporting reports
- Minnesota sues Trump administration over ICE agent surge — On January 12, 2026, Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison announced a lawsuit against the Trump administration, specifically targeting the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), to end the surge of ICE agents in
- Minnesota Attorney General Files Lawsuit Against Trump Administration — Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison announced a lawsuit against the Trump administration, citing the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) use of excessive and lethal force, warrantless arrests, and targeting of
- Minnesota Attorney General Files Federal Lawsuit Against DHS Operation — Minnesota's Attorney General, Keith Ellison, announced a lawsuit against the federal government, challenging the surge of ICE agents in the state.
Jan 12, 2026 The Justice Department opened a criminal investigation into Jerome Powell and subpoenaed the Federal Reserve Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The investigation tested whether prosecutorial tools could be used to pressure an independent economic institution.
Supporting reports
- Federal Reserve Chair under criminal investigation — On January 10, 2026, it was reported that Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell is under federal criminal investigation related to his congressional testimony about a $2.5 billion renovation of Federal Reserve buildings.
- DOJ Subpoenas Federal Reserve in Investigation — The Department of Justice has issued a subpoena to the Federal Reserve as part of an investigation into Fed Chair Jerome Powell.
- Criminal Investigation Opened into Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell — The U.S.
Jan 12, 2026 Plaintiffs in Fell v. Trump filed an amended complaint adding plaintiffs and updating the named CFTC chair Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The filing kept an ongoing challenge to executive action active within the courts, preserving a channel for institutional review.
Supporting reports
- Fell v. Trump (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-04206 — Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, adding four plaintiffs and substituting the newly confirmed CFTC chair for the acting one. — Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, adding four plaintiffs and substituting the newly confirmed CFTC chair for the acting one.
Jan 12, 2026 Defendants in Housing Authority of the County of San Diego v. Turner appealed a preliminary injunction to the Ninth Circuit Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The appeal extended judicial review over contested federal action and kept institutional checks in motion.
Supporting reports
- Housing Authority of the County of San Diego v. Turner (N.D. Cal.) 4:25-cv-08859 — Defendants appealed the Nov. 14 preliminary injunction order to the Ninth Circuit. — Defendants appealed the Nov.
Jan 12, 2026 The parties in National Immigration Litigation Alliance v. U.S. Department of State filed a status report on ongoing records production Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The filing showed courts being used to force disclosure and process compliance in an immigration-related records dispute.
Supporting reports
- National Immigration Litigation Alliance v. U.S. Department of State (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-11692 — The parties submitted a joint status report which notes that Defendants have made four productions of records in the case thus far and is still in the process o… — The parties submitted a joint status report which notes that Defendants have made four productions of records in the case thus far and is still in the process of reviewing potentially responsive records.
Jan 12, 2026 A federal court granted a preliminary injunction pausing government stop-work orders in Revolution Wind v. Burgum Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling showed courts restraining executive disruption of approved projects through emergency administrative action.
Supporting reports
- Revolution Wind, LLC v. Burgum (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-02999 — The court granted the Revolution Wind 's motion for a preliminary injunction, pausing the implementation of the government's Stop Work Orders. — The court granted the Revolution Wind 's motion for a preliminary injunction, pausing the implementation of the government's Stop Work Orders.
Jan 12, 2026 Illinois and Chicago filed suit against DHS over Operation Midway Blitz Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The case challenged whether federal immigration operations could override state sovereignty and local public-safety authority.
Supporting reports
- State of Illinois v. Department of Homeland Security (N.D. Ill.) 1:26-cv-00321 — Case filed — Case filed Beginning in September 2025, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) deployed personnel from Border Patrol to Illinois to conduct immigration enforcement as part of “Operation Midway Blitz”.
- Illinois sues Department of Homeland Security over ICE tactics — The state of Illinois filed a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, alleging that agents from Customs and Border Protection and Immigration and Customs Enforcement used "unlawful and dangerous tactics"
Jan 12, 2026 A federal court granted state plaintiffs a preliminary injunction against Interior stop-work orders Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The injunction reinforced judicial capacity to halt executive actions that states argued exceeded lawful authority.
Supporting reports
- State of Rhode Island v. United States Department of the Interior (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-04328 — The court granted the State Plaintiffs ' motion for a preliminary injunction, pausing the implementation of the government's Stop Work Orders. — The court granted the State Plaintiffs ' motion for a preliminary injunction, pausing the implementation of the government's Stop Work Orders.
Jan 12, 2026 Judge Joun and later the First Circuit dissolved a preliminary injunction and then dismissed the appeal in Victim Rights Law Center v. Department of Education Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The rulings altered the procedural balance in a challenge to federal education policy and showed appellate control over interim relief.
Supporting reports
- Victim Rights Law Center v. United States Department of Education (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-11042 — Judge Joun dissolved the preliminary injunction. — Judge Joun dissolved the preliminary injunction.
- Victim Rights Law Center v. United States Department of Education (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-11042 — The First Circuit dismissed the appeal. — The First Circuit dismissed the appeal.
Jan 12, 2026 The Election Assistance Commission requested public comment on the 2026 Election Administration and Voting Survey Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The notice supported election administration oversight by gathering national data on registration, voting methods, and election operations.
Supporting reports
- Election Assistance Commission Seeks Comments on 2026 Election Survey — The Election Assistance Commission (EAC) announced a request for public comments on the proposed 2026 Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS).
Jan 12, 2026 The Supreme Court granted, vacated, and remanded in Full Play Group and Zielinski Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The orders showed the Court using supervisory power to redirect lower-court handling of federal criminal and appellate disputes.
Supporting reports
- Full Play Group, S.A. v. United States, et al. and Lopez, Hernan v. United States, et al. — The Supreme Court granted the petitions for writs of certiorari for the cases Full Play Group, S.A.
- Zielinski, Kira K. v. United States — The Supreme Court granted the motion of petitioner Kira K.
Jan 11, 2026 Judge Howell granted a preliminary injunction restoring pediatric health grants to the American Academy of Pediatrics Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling checked alleged retaliatory grant terminations and reinforced that agencies cannot punish protected advocacy through funding decisions.
Supporting reports
- American Academy of Pediatrics v. Department of Health and Human Services (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-04505 — Judge Howell granted Plaintiff's motion for a preliminary injunction , finding that HHS likely terminated seven pediatric health grants in retaliation for AAP's… — Judge Howell granted Plaintiff's motion for a preliminary injunction , finding that HHS likely terminated seven pediatric health grants in retaliation for AAP's public advocacy on vaccines and gender-affirming care in
Jan 10, 2026 Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem and ICE officials blocked members of Congress from inspecting a Minnesota detention facility Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The denial obstructed legislative oversight of federal detention operations and weakened transparency around immigration enforcement.
Supporting reports
- House Members Blocked from Visiting ICE Facility in Minnesota — On January 10, 2026, Democratic Representatives Ilhan Omar, Kelly Morrison, and Angie Craig were blocked from entering an ICE detention center near Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Restriction on congressional oversight of ICE facilities — Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem implemented a policy restricting members of Congress from conducting oversight of ICE facilities, which was revealed after Democratic representatives were denied entry to a