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Jun 23, 2025 California challenged the federalization of its National Guard in court Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The litigation tested limits on presidential control of state military forces in a domestic protest setting and raised federalism concerns.
Supporting reports
- California Challenges Federalization of National Guard — California filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration's order to federalize the state's National Guard to manage protests in Los Angeles.
- California sues Trump administration over National Guard deployment — California has filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration, challenging the unlawful deployment of 4,000 National Guard troops to counter protests against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) actions.
- Case update — Newsom v. Trump (N.D. Cal.) 3:25-cv-04870 — Judge Breyer approved California's request for “expedited and limited” discovery regarding the administration's claim that it acted beyond the limitation of the Posse Comitatus Act , which forbids federal troops from
Jun 23, 2025 A federal judge in New York blocked President Trump’s use of the Alien Enemies Act to deport Venezuelan migrants Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The ruling limited an expansive emergency theory of executive deportation power and reaffirmed that old wartime statutes have legal boundaries.
Supporting reports
- Federal Court Blocks Trump's Use of Alien Enemies Act — A federal judge in New York ruled against President Trump's invocation of the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to deport Venezuelan migrants, stating that the law does not justify treating the migrants as an "invasion" or
Jun 23, 2025 The Supreme Court allowed the Trump administration to deport migrants to third countries while litigation continued Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order narrowed lower-court protections and increased executive room to remove migrants before full judicial review of due process claims.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court allows Trump administration to deport migrants to third countries — The US Supreme Court issued a brief, unsigned order allowing the Trump administration to deport migrants to countries they are not originally from, including conflict-ridden areas like South Sudan.
- Case update — D.V.D. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-10676 — The Supreme Court stopped a lower court's order which has prevented the administration from removing immigrants to third countries without an opportunity to present their claims of potential torture first.
- Supreme Court Grants Stay in Department of Homeland Security v. D.V.D. — The Supreme Court granted the Department of Homeland Security's emergency application for a stay in the case of Department of Homeland Security, Applicants v.
Jun 23, 2025 Judge Young ruled that NIH grant terminations were arbitrary and capricious and ordered grants reinstated Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The decision reinforced that agencies must give lawful reasons for cutting grants and remain subject to administrative law constraints.
Supporting reports
- Appeal filed — American Public Health Association v. National Institutes of Health (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-10787 — Judge Young granted partial summary judgment in favor of Plaintiffs and held the challenged Directives and resulting grant terminations were arbitrary and capricious in violation of the APA.
- Case update — Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Kennedy (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-10814 — Judge William Young issued a partial final judgment declaring that the administration's termination of hundreds of NIH grants was “arbitrary and capricious” under the APA and ordering the affected grants reinstated.
- — Defendants immediately filed an appeal of Judge Young's partial final judgment order.
Jun 23, 2025 Judge Burroughs halted the administration’s effort to suspend entry for international students studying at Harvard Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order checked federal pressure on a university and protected institutional autonomy and student access while the case proceeded.
Supporting reports
- Appeal filed — President and Fellows of Harvard College v. Department of Homeland Security (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-11472 — Judge Burroughs issued an order halting the administration's proclamation to suspend entry for any international students studying at Harvard.
Jun 23, 2025 The Supreme Court resumed merits briefing in Department of Education v. Career Colleges and Schools of Texas Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order moved a federal education dispute forward through normal Supreme Court process, shaping how executive education policy will be reviewed.
Supporting reports
- Department of Education v. Career Colleges and Schools of Texas — The Supreme Court granted the motion of the petitioners, the Department of Education and others, to resume merits briefing in the case against Career Colleges and Schools of Texas.
Jun 23, 2025 The Supreme Court invited the Solicitor General to file a brief in Hikma Pharmaceuticals v. Amarin Pharma Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The invitation signaled the Court’s interest in the federal government’s view in a case that could affect regulatory and legal interpretation.
Supporting reports
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals v. Amarin Pharma — The Supreme Court invited the Solicitor General to file a brief expressing the views of the United States in the case between Hikma Pharmaceuticals and Amarin Pharma.
Jun 23, 2025 The Supreme Court granted certiorari in Landor v. Louisiana Department of Corrections Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
Taking the case placed a state corrections dispute on the national docket and showed the Court selecting issues that may shape institutional rules.
Supporting reports
- Landor v. Louisiana Department of Corrections — The Supreme Court granted the petition for a writ of certiorari in the case of Damon Landor against the Louisiana Department of Corrections and others.
Jun 23, 2025 Various litigants and courts filed or advanced additional cases challenging administration actions across labor, records, grants, immigration, civil service, and agency process Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
These filings and procedural rulings showed broad, ongoing judicial contestation over executive actions across many parts of the federal government.
Supporting reports
- Appeal filed — Thakur v. Trump (N.D. Cal.) 3:25-cv-04737 — Judge Rita Lin granted a preliminary injunction .
- Case update — North America's Building Trades Unions v. Department of Defense (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-01070 — Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction after DOD and GSA formally rescinded the policies at issue in this case, disavowed continued reliance on those policies, and instructed their
- Case update — President and Fellows of Harvard College v. US Department of Health and Human Services (D. Mass.) 1:25-cv-11048 — State Attorneys General submitted an amicus brief in support of Defendants.
Jun 22, 2025 Governor Josh Stein vetoed North Carolina anti-immigrant and open-carry bills Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The vetoes used executive checks within state government to block legislation affecting immigrant rights and public safety.
Supporting reports
- Governor Stein vetoes anti-immigrant and open carry bills — On Friday, Governor Stein vetoed two anti-immigrant bills (SB 153 and SB 138) and an open carry bill (SB 50) in North Carolina.
Jun 22, 2025 A federal court released Kilmar Abrego Garcia from custody pending trial Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The release showed judicial scrutiny of the government’s evidence in a case where criminal process and immigration enforcement overlapped.
Supporting reports
- Court released Kilmar Abrego Garcia from custody — A federal court released Kilmar Abrego Garcia from custody pending trial, despite objections from the Attorney General and others.
Jun 21, 2025 A federal judge ordered Mahmoud Khalil released from ICE detention Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The ruling showed the courts checking executive detention power and protecting due process and political expression against immigration enforcement.
Supporting reports
- Federal judge orders release of Mahmoud Khalil from ICE detention — Mahmoud Khalil, a Palestinian rights activist and legal US resident, was released from ICE detention after a federal judge ruled that his detention was unconstitutional.
- — Mahmoud Khalil, a Columbia University graduate, was released from ICE detention in Jena, Louisiana, after a federal judge ruled he was not a danger to the community.
Jun 21, 2025 Plaintiffs in Federal Education Association v. Trump filed an amended complaint over a reorganization affecting DODEA employees and bargaining agreements Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The filing advanced a court challenge to executive changes affecting labor rights and administrative process inside a federal education system.
Supporting reports
- Case update — Federal Education Association v. Trump (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-01362 — Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint setting out additional factual allegations relating to a reorganization altering employees terms and conditions of employment and resulting in the elimination of positions and to