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Trait 4
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Jul 31, 2025 President Trump issued an order raising duties on certain Canadian products Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order extended emergency-based tariff power into a major bilateral trade relationship with limited congressional involvement.
Supporting reports
- Amendment to Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across our Northern Border — On July 31, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order amending duties to address the flow of illicit drugs across the U.S.-Canada border.
- Trump signs order increasing tariffs on Canadian goods from 25% to 35% — On Thursday, Donald Trump signed an executive order raising tariffs on Canadian goods imported into the United States from 25% to 35%.
Jul 31, 2025 President Trump issued an order further modifying reciprocal tariff rates Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order widened presidential control over trade policy through emergency framing and reduced Congress's practical role.
Supporting reports
- Executive Order: Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates — On July 31, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order further modifying reciprocal tariff rates.
- Trump Announces New Tariff Rates Before Deadline — The Trump administration announced new tariff rates, including a base rate of 10% on countries where the U.S.
Jul 30, 2025 President Trump issued an executive order imposing additional tariffs on Brazilian imports Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order used emergency-style executive trade power to punish a foreign government over political and speech disputes.
Supporting reports
- Executive Order Imposes Tariffs on Brazilian Imports — On July 30, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order declaring a national emergency in response to actions by the Government of Brazil that allegedly threaten U.S.
Jul 30, 2025 President Trump issued an executive order suspending duty-free de minimis treatment for all countries Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order expanded unilateral presidential control over trade rules that had broad economic and legal effects.
Supporting reports
- Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries — On July 30, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order suspending duty-free de minimis treatment for all countries.
Jul 29, 2025 The Trump administration imposed new tariffs on European, Japanese, and British exports Tier 1 · Primary Economic Structure
The tariffs shifted costs onto importers and consumers while centralizing trade policy in the executive branch.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Imposes New Tariffs on European, Japanese, and British Exports — The Trump administration has implemented a new tariff regime affecting European, Japanese, and British exports to the United States.
Jul 28, 2025 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit heard a challenge to President Trump's tariff authority Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The case tested whether the president had exceeded statutory limits and bypassed Congress on trade policy.
Supporting reports
- US Court of Appeals to Hear Case on Trump's Tariff Authority — On Thursday, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit will hear oral arguments in the case VOS Selections v Trump.
- DOJ argued a case challenging Trump's authority to issue tariffs without congressional approval — The Department of Justice presented arguments in a lawsuit that challenges Trump's authority to impose tariffs without congressional approval.
- Federal appeals court reviews Trump's tariff authority — A federal appeals court in Washington DC is reviewing whether former President Donald Trump exceeded his authority by imposing "reciprocal" tariffs on numerous US trading partners.