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Category 2
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Jul 23, 2026 The Trump administration announced new tariffs on major trade partners and later imposed tariffs on 60 countries Tier 1 · Primary Economic Structure
Broad new tariffs expanded executive control over trade policy and risked higher costs across supply chains and households.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Imposes New Tariffs Amid Rising Tensions — The Trump administration announced new tariffs on several major U.S.
- New Trump Tariffs Hit 60 Countries — Former President Donald Trump has imposed new tariffs ranging from 10 to 12.5 percent on 60 countries, citing forced labor concerns.
Jul 13, 2026 President Trump announced and then quickly reversed a cargo-fee plan for the Strait of Hormuz Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The abrupt announcement and reversal showed volatile executive decision-making on war-adjacent trade powers with major diplomatic and economic stakes.
Supporting reports
- Trump Declares US Control Over Strait of Hormuz — Former President Donald Trump announced that the United States will take control of the Strait of Hormuz and impose a 20% cargo fee on vessels passing through.
- Trump Walks Back Strait of Hormuz Toll Plan — Former President Donald Trump retracted his announcement to impose a 20% toll on vessels passing through the Strait of Hormuz.
- Trump Reverses Strait of Hormuz Fee — President Donald Trump reversed his decision to impose a 20% "reimbursement fee" on the Strait of Hormuz less than a day after announcing it.
Feb 21, 2026 President Trump imposed new global tariffs under Section 122 and then said the rate would rise from 10% to 15% Corroborated Economic Structure
The move used unilateral trade power to reshape prices and commerce after a court loss, increasing economic uncertainty and testing statutory limits.
Supporting reports
- Trump Announces New Global Tariffs — Following the Supreme Court's ruling against his previous tariffs, former President Donald Trump announced new global tariffs, initially set at 10% and later increased to 15% within 24 hours.
- Trump Signs Global 10% Tariff — On February 20, 2026, President Donald Trump signed an order imposing a 10% tariff on all countries, effective February 24, 2026.
- Trump announces new global tariffs following Supreme Court decision — In response to the Supreme Court's ruling against his tariffs, President Trump announced he would impose a new global 10% tariff on all countries, effective almost immediately.
Feb 20, 2026 President Trump announced a new global tariff under Section 122 after the Supreme Court ruling Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The move sought to preserve unilateral trade control after a judicial rebuke, testing how far the executive could work around constitutional limits.
Supporting reports
- President imposes new tariffs under Section 122 — Following the Supreme Court's ruling against IEEPA tariffs, the President quickly issued a proclamation under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, imposing a temporary 10% import surcharge on nearly all imports
- Trump announces new 10% global tariff — Following the Supreme Court's ruling against his previous tariffs, President Trump announced a new 10% global baseline tariff under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974.
Jul 31, 2025 President Trump issued an order further modifying reciprocal tariff rates Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order widened presidential control over trade policy through emergency framing and reduced Congress's practical role.
Supporting reports
- Executive Order: Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates — On July 31, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order further modifying reciprocal tariff rates.
- Trump Announces New Tariff Rates Before Deadline — The Trump administration announced new tariff rates, including a base rate of 10% on countries where the U.S.
Jul 9, 2025 President Trump announced new tariffs on Brazil and seven other countries and opened a trade investigation into Brazil's social media rules Corroborated Economic Structure
The moves used trade tools to pressure foreign governments and added volatility to cross-border economic relations.
Supporting reports
- Trump announces 50% tariff on Brazil — On July 9, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a 50% tariff on Brazilian products imported into the United States.
- Trump launches investigation into Brazil's social media regulations — On July 9, 2025, President Donald Trump announced an investigation under section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 into Brazil's social media regulations.
- Trump targets seven countries with new tariffs — On July 9, 2025, President Donald Trump announced new tariffs on exports from seven countries: the Philippines, Brunei, Moldova, Algeria, Libya, Iraq, and Sri Lanka.
Jul 7, 2025 The Trump administration delayed new tariffs until August 1 and announced country-specific tariff rates Corroborated Economic Structure
Frequent tariff resets kept trade policy unstable and concentrated economic rulemaking in executive discretion.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Delays Tariffs Until August 1 — The Trump administration announced a delay in the implementation of new tariffs until August 1, 2025.
- Trump Announces New Tariff Rates for Multiple Countries — On July 7, 2025, President Donald Trump announced new tariff rates for several countries, set to take effect on August 1.
Jul 7, 2025 President Trump issued an executive order extending the suspension of additional reciprocal tariffs until August 1 Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
Trade policy continued to be set through executive order, reinforcing presidential control over major economic measures.
Supporting reports
- Extension of Reciprocal Tariff Rate Modifications — On July 7, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order extending the suspension of additional ad valorem duties on certain foreign trading partners, excluding the People's Republic of China, until August 1
- Trump Signs Executive Order on Tariffs — President Trump signed an executive order delaying the implementation of reciprocal tariffs until August 1, 2025.
May 31, 2025 President Trump announced and then ordered higher steel and aluminum tariffs Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The tariff action showed direct presidential use of trade power with broad effects on prices, industry, and the balance between executive action and economic policy.
Supporting reports
- Trump announces doubling of foreign tariffs on steel and aluminium — President Trump unexpectedly announced that he would be doubling tariffs on foreign steel and aluminium imports to 50%.
- Trump announces doubling of steel tariffs — President Donald Trump announced that he will double the tariff on steel imports from 25% to 50%, a move that could significantly impact trade and economic relations with other countries.
- Trump Announces 50% Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum Imports — President Donald Trump announced that he will double the tariff on steel imports from 25% to 50%, continuing his administration's aggressive trade policy.
May 10, 2025 President Trump and U.S. trade officials announced, raised, reduced, paused, and renegotiated tariffs involving China and other goods Corroborated Economic Structure
The rapid tariff shifts created policy uncertainty that affected markets, business planning, and the credibility of U.S. economic governance.
Immediate effect: The rapid tariff shifts created policy uncertainty that affected markets, business planning, and the credibility of U.S.
Supporting reports
- Trump announces major trade deal with the UK — President Donald Trump unveiled his first major trade deal since returning to office, following accelerated talks with the UK.
- Trump discusses potential tariff exemptions for childcare products — Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent informed Congress that the administration is considering potential tariff exemptions for childcare and baby products, including strollers and car seats.
- Trump escalates tariffs on Chinese goods — President Trump has ramped up tariffs on Chinese goods to 145%, initiating a trade war between the U.S.
Apr 9, 2025 President Trump announced a 90-day pause on many tariffs while keeping a 10% baseline and sharply higher China tariffs Corroborated Power and Authority
The abrupt reversal underscored how concentrated executive trade power could move markets and policy without legislative process.
Supporting reports
- Trump Announces 90-Day Pause on Tariff Plan — On April 9, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a 90-day pause on his tariff plan, stating that goods entering the US from most countries would now face a 10% blanket tariff until July.
- Trump paused some tariffs amid economic concerns — President Donald Trump paused some of his "Liberation Day" tariffs following a stock market crash and recession predictions, although the high tariffs on China and a 10% tariff on all imports remain in effect.
- Trump Reverses Course on Tariffs After Market Impact — After causing a stock market downturn, President Trump announced a 90-day pause on a steep hike in tariffs on most countries, except China, which will face duties of 125%.
Apr 8, 2025 President Trump threatened additional tariffs on China and then raised tariff rates through executive action Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The escalation showed unilateral presidential control over major trade penalties with broad economic and diplomatic effects.
Supporting reports
- Trump threatens additional tariffs on China — President Trump announced plans to impose an additional 50% tariff on China, effective Wednesday, unless China drops its retaliatory tariffs on U.S.
- Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties As Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China — President Trump announced plans to impose an additional 50% tariff on China unless it drops its retaliatory tariffs on U.S.
- Trump Imposes New Tariffs on China — On April 8, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order amending reciprocal tariffs and updating duties on low-value imports from China.
Apr 2, 2025 President Trump declared a national emergency and issued executive orders imposing broad new tariffs on imports Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The declaration used emergency powers to impose sweeping trade taxes without ordinary congressional action, expanding unilateral presidential control over economic policy.
Supporting reports
- Trump Declares National Emergency to Justify Tariffs — President Trump declared a national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to justify the imposition of new tariffs on imports.
- Executive Order on Reciprocal Tariffs — On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing a reciprocal tariff policy to address large and persistent U.S.
Mar 4, 2025 The Trump administration imposed sweeping tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China Tier 1 · Primary Economic Structure
The tariffs reshaped trade rules by executive action, with likely effects on prices, supply chains, and economic stability.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Imposes Tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — On March 4, 2025, the Trump administration imposed sweeping tariffs on Canada and Mexico, while also increasing duties on China.
- Trump administration imposes tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — On Monday, the Trump administration imposed a 25% tariff on exports from Mexico and Canada to the United States, and increased tariffs on Chinese exports from 10% to 20%.
- Trump imposes 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico — On March 4, 2025, President Donald Trump implemented a 25% tariff on goods imported from Canada and Mexico.
Feb 27, 2025 President Trump confirmed tariffs on Mexico, Canada, and China would take effect on March 4 Corroborated Economic Structure
The confirmation signaled imminent trade disruption with likely effects on prices, investment, and cross-border economic relations.
Supporting reports
- Trump Confirms Tariffs on Mexico, Canada, and China — On Truth Social, President Trump confirmed tariffs on Mexico and Canada starting March 4, and an additional 10% tariff on China.
- Trump to reinstate tariffs on Mexico, Canada, and China — President Trump announced that tariffs of 25% on products from Mexico and Canada, which were paused earlier, will take effect on March 4, along with an additional 10% tariff on goods from China.
- Trump Announces Tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — Donald Trump announced that tariffs of 25% on Canada and Mexico, and an increased tariff of 20% on China, will go into effect on March 4th.
Feb 1, 2025 President Trump imposed emergency tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
Using emergency powers for broad trade penalties expanded unilateral presidential control over economic policy and foreign relations.
Supporting reports
- Trump signs executive orders imposing tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump signed three executive orders imposing tariffs of 25% on all goods from Canada and Mexico, and a 10% tariff on Canadian oil exports and imports from China.
- Trump invokes emergency powers for tariffs — Trump invoked emergency powers to justify the imposition of tariffs, citing border security as a rationale.
- Executive Order Imposing Duties on Chinese Products — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing a 10% ad valorem tariff on all products from the People's Republic of China.