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Trait 44
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May 31, 2025 The U.S. Court of International Trade ruled that President Trump's Liberation Day tariffs were illegal Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling reaffirmed that tariff power belongs to Congress and checked unilateral executive action through judicial review.
Supporting reports
- U.S. Court of International Trade rules against Trump's tariffs — A three-judge panel at the U.S.
May 31, 2025 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit paused the lower court ruling against Trump's tariffs Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The pause let contested tariffs stay in force and showed how appellate procedure can preserve executive action during review.
Supporting reports
- Appeals court pauses ruling overturning Trump’s tariffs — An appeals court has temporarily paused a federal court ruling that overturned many of Donald Trump’s tariffs, allowing the tariffs to remain in place while the appeals court reviews the arguments.
- U.S. Court of Appeals pauses ruling on Trump's tariffs — The U.S.
- Court rulings against tariffs prompt administration appeal — In the past week, several court rulings have been issued against the Trump administration's tariffs, leading the administration to initiate appeals.
May 29, 2025 The Federal Circuit temporarily stayed the tariff ruling while appeals proceeded Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The stay preserved executive tariffs for the moment while higher courts reviewed the scope of presidential trade authority.
Supporting reports
- Appeals court grants temporary pause on ruling against Trump tariffs — An appeals court has granted a temporary pause on a ruling by the New York-based court of international trade that declared Donald Trump's tariffs illegal.
- Motion granted — Oregon v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Ct. Intl. Trade) 1:25-cv-00077 — The Federal Circuit granted Defendants' motion to consolidate the appeal with V.O.S.
- Motion granted — V.O.S. Selections Inc. v. Trump (Ct. Intl. Trade) 1:25-cv-00066 — The Federal Circuit granted Defendants' motion to consolidate the appeal with State of Oregon v.
May 28, 2025 The Court of International Trade ruled that major Trump tariffs were unlawful Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The decision reaffirmed that tariff power is bounded by statute and constitutional separation of powers, not open-ended executive emergency claims.
Supporting reports
- Appeal filed — Oregon v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Ct. Intl. Trade) 1:25-cv-00077 — The court granted plaintiffs summary judgment holding the tariffs unlawful.
- Summary judgment ruling — V.O.S. Selections Inc. v. Trump (Ct. Intl. Trade) 1:25-cv-00066 — The court granted plaintiffs' summary judgment holding the tariffs unlawful.
- Federal Courts Rule Trump's Tariffs Unconstitutional — Two federal courts have ruled that the majority of tariffs imposed by former President Trump violate the Constitution.
May 27, 2025 Judge Chutkan let most claims proceed in the states' lawsuit over Elon Musk and DOGE while dismissing Trump from the case Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling kept alive a constitutional challenge to whether executive power was being exercised without lawful appointment or authorization.
Supporting reports
- Motion to dismiss decided — New Mexico et al. v. Musk (D.D.C.) 1.25-cv-00429 — Judge Chutkan issued an order and memorandum opinion that granted Defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint against Trump but denied the motion to dismiss for all other Defendants.
- Federal Judge Rules Elon Musk Must Face Lawsuit Over DOGE — A federal judge ruled that Elon Musk must face a lawsuit filed by Democratic state attorneys general, claiming he is illegally wielding power through the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) in violation of the
- U.S. District Judge rules against Trump administration in lawsuit involving Elon Musk — U.S.
May 27, 2025 Judge Richard Leon granted summary judgment against Trump's order targeting WilmerHale Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling protected legal independence by blocking executive retaliation against a law firm for its associations and advocacy.
Supporting reports
- Summary judgment ruling — Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr v. Executive Office of the President (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-00917 — Judge Richard Leon dismissed with prejudice Plaintiffs' counts VIII (equal protection), IX (right to counsel) and XI (spending power), but granted summary judgment for Plaintiffs on the other eight counts.
- Federal Judge Blocks Trump's Executive Order Against Law Firm — A federal judge blocked President Trump's executive order targeting the law firm WilmerHale, declaring the move unconstitutional.
- U.S. District Judge strikes down Trump's executive order targeting law firm — U.S.
May 26, 2025 The Trump administration ordered federal agencies to cut ties with Harvard Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
Canceling contracts used federal purchasing power to punish a disfavored institution and pressure it to align with executive demands.
Supporting reports
- Trump cuts ties with Harvard — The Trump administration ordered all federal agencies to sever ties with Harvard University and revoke existing contracts and grants, totaling around $100 million.
- Trump orders federal agencies to cut ties with Harvard — The Trump administration has directed federal agencies to cancel all government contracts with Harvard University, totaling an estimated $100 million.
May 23, 2025 A federal judge overturned Trump's order targeting Jenner & Block as unconstitutional Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
The ruling protected lawyers and clients from executive retaliation aimed at punishing a firm for its associations and advocacy.
Supporting reports
- US judge overturns Trump order targeting Jenner & Block — A US district judge, John D Bates, overturned an executive order issued by Donald Trump that targeted the law firm Jenner & Block.
- Summary judgment ruling — Jenner & Block v. Department of Justice (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-00916 — Judge John Bates issued an order and opinion granting Jenner & Block's motion for summary judgment and denied the government's motion to dismiss, declaring EO 14, 246 unlawful and “null and void” because it violates
May 22, 2025 The Supreme Court deadlocked 4-4 and left in place a ruling blocking a taxpayer-funded religious charter school in Oklahoma Corroborated Civil Rights and Dissent
The split preserved a church-state boundary in public education funding, though without creating a national precedent.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court Blocks Religious Charter School in Split Ruling — The US Supreme Court issued a 4-4 ruling that blocked the establishment of St Isidore of Seville Catholic virtual school in Oklahoma, leaving intact a lower court's decision.
- Supreme Court Deadlocks on Religious Schools Funding Case — The Supreme Court deadlocked 4-4 on a case regarding public funding for religious schools, leaving a lower court ruling in place.
May 22, 2025 The Supreme Court allowed the removal of independent agency heads from the NLRB and MSPB to stand while appeals continued Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
The stay weakened protections for independent labor and civil service boards that help safeguard workers and due process inside government.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court allows Trump to control independent agencies — The Supreme Court issued an unsigned order pausing lower court rulings that allowed board members at two independent agencies to remain in their positions despite attempts by Trump to fire them.
- Motion granted — Cathy A. Harris v. Bessent et al (D.C. Cir.) 25-5037 — The Supreme Court granted the government's request for a stay while the case is on appeal.
- Motion granted — Gwynne A. Wilcox v. Donald J. Trump et al (D.C. Cir.) 1:25-cv-00334 — The Supreme Court granted the federal government's request for a stay in the case of Trump v.
May 20, 2025 The Supreme Court restored a censured Maine lawmaker's right to vote in the state house Corroborated Civil Rights and Dissent
The order intervened in a legislative discipline dispute and affected how far a chamber can go in limiting a member's representation role.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court Restores Maine Lawmaker's Right to Vote After Censure — The US Supreme Court issued a brief order restoring Maine lawmaker Laurel Libby's right to vote in the state house, despite her censure and voting ban following a controversial social media post about a transgender
May 13, 2025 President Trump and Qatar moved forward with major defense and aviation deals while the Qatar jet controversy unfolded Corroborated Economic Structure
The overlap of state deals and personal benefit concerns deepened questions about whether foreign commercial ties were shaping U.S. policy.
Immediate effect: The overlap of state deals and personal benefit concerns deepened questions about whether foreign commercial ties were shaping U.S.
Supporting reports
- U.S. Approves $2 Billion Arms Sale to Qatar — In March 2025, the Trump administration approved a $2 billion arms sale to Qatar, which included advanced military equipment such as drones and munitions.
- US and Qatar Sign Defense and Aviation Deal — On May 14, 2025, the United States and Qatar signed a significant defense and aviation agreement during Donald Trump's visit to Doha.
- Trump promises $142 billion in defense equipment to Saudi Arabia — President Donald Trump promised Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman $142 billion in state-of-the-art defense and security equipment from U.S.
May 13, 2025 Chuck Schumer placed a hold on Justice Department nominations over the Qatar jet plan Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The hold used Senate procedure to force executive accountability on a possible constitutional conflict.
Supporting reports
- Chuck Schumer announces hold on DOJ nominations over Qatar jet gift — Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer announced he would obstruct all Trump administration justice department nominations until the White House provides answers regarding the acceptance of a luxury aircraft from Qatar
May 13, 2025 Republican senators did not publicly reject Stephen Miller's habeas corpus remarks Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The silence showed weak legislative resistance to rhetoric that challenged constitutional limits on detention power.
Supporting reports
- Republicans Remain Silent on Suspension of Habeas Corpus — Republican senators did not publicly disavow White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller's statement regarding the potential suspension of habeas corpus, which would effectively declare martial law.
May 10, 2025 The House Judiciary Committee summoned former prosecutor Jay Bratt for testimony on Trump prosecutions Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The move tested the line between legislative oversight and political pressure on prosecutorial independence.
Supporting reports
- Jay Bratt summoned by House judiciary committee — Jay Bratt, the former special counsel prosecutor who led the Mar-a-Lago case against Donald Trump, is scheduled to appear before the Republican-led House judiciary committee.
- Jay Bratt asserts Fifth Amendment rights before House committee — Jay Bratt, a former special counsel prosecutor, invoked his Fifth Amendment right to remain silent during a deposition before a Republican-led House committee.
May 9, 2025 The White House blocked Pete Hegseth’s choice for Pentagon chief of staff Corroborated Power and Authority
The intervention showed centralized White House control over senior defense staffing and internal military-adjacent decision making.
Supporting reports
- White House Blocks Pentagon Chief of Staff Appointment — The White House has intervened to block US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth's choice of Marine Col Ricky Buria as his chief of staff.
May 7, 2025 The D.C. Circuit en banc partly restored district court relief for USAGM grantees while leaving VOA staffing relief limited Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order partially revived judicial protection for congressionally funded media entities and narrowed the executive’s immediate shutdown power.
Supporting reports
- Federal Judge Blocks Trump Administration's Efforts to Dismantle VoA — A federal judge, Royce Lamberth, blocked the Trump administration's efforts to dismantle Voice of America (VoA) and other USAGM outlets.
- Appeal filed — Abramowitz v. Lake (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-00887 — The D.C.
- Appeal filed — Widakuswara v. Kari Lake (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-01015
May 3, 2025 The D.C. Circuit stayed parts of lower court orders in the USAGM and VOA cases Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling limited immediate judicial relief for public media employees and contractors while leaving some statutory obligations in place.
Supporting reports
- Appeals court blocks reinstatement of Voice of America employees — A federal appeals court has blocked the reinstatement of over 1,000 Voice of America (VoA) employees, siding with the Trump administration.
- Appeal filed — Abramowitz v. Lake (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-00887 — The D.C.
- Appeal filed — Widakuswara v. Kari Lake (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-01015 — In March 2025, former President Donald Trump signed an executive order to dismantle the Voice of America (VOA) by cutting off its funding through its parent company, the US Agency for Global Media (USAGM).
May 2, 2025 President Trump ended federal diversity programs, moved to dismantle the Education Department, and reclassified civil-service roles as political appointments Corroborated Power and Authority
These actions expanded presidential control over the bureaucracy and weakened institutional independence across education and the civil service.
Supporting reports
- Trump ends diversity, equity, and inclusion programs government-wide — President Trump has ended diversity, equity, and inclusion programs across the federal government, following recommendations from Project 2025.
- Trump signs executive order to dismantle the Department of Education — President Trump signed an executive order directing the education secretary to begin dismantling the Department of Education, a move that aligns with Project 2025's recommendations.
- Trump signs executive order to reclassify civil service roles — President Trump signed an executive order in April to reclassify tens of thousands of civil service roles as political appointments.
Apr 30, 2025 President Trump attacked judges at a rally for blocking his policies Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The remarks pressured the judiciary from the presidency and tested norms of respect for an independent court system.
Supporting reports
- Trump Criticizes Judges for Blocking His Policies — During a rally in Michigan, President Trump criticized "communist radical-left judges" for obstructing his administration's policies, particularly those related to immigration and national security.
Apr 29, 2025 The Trump administration sued Michigan and Hawaii to block planned climate litigation against oil companies Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The lawsuits used federal courts to preempt state legal strategies, intensifying conflict over state and federal institutional authority.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Sues Michigan and Hawaii Over Climate Laws — The Trump administration sued Michigan and Hawaii to stop them from filing lawsuits against major oil companies for their role in the climate crisis.
- Trump Administration Sues States Over Climate Lawsuits — The Trump administration sued Michigan and Hawaii to prevent them from filing lawsuits against major oil companies for their role in the climate crisis.
- DoJ Sues States to Block Climate Litigation Against Oil Companies — The U.S.
Apr 28, 2025 President Trump signed an executive order targeting sanctuary jurisdictions for possible funding cuts Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order threatened local governments with federal punishment for resisting immigration enforcement, expanding coercive leverage over states and cities.
Supporting reports
- Trump signs executive order targeting sanctuary cities — On April 28, 2025, former President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing the attorney general and the secretary of homeland security to publish a list of state and local jurisdictions that obstruct the
- Executive Order: Protecting American Communities from Criminal Aliens — On April 28, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Protecting American Communities from Criminal Aliens." The order directs the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security to
- Trump Signs Executive Order Targeting Sanctuary Cities — On April 28, 2025, Trump signed an executive order threatening to cut federal funding from sanctuary cities and jurisdictions that "obstruct the enforcement of Federal immigration laws." This order is part of the
Apr 27, 2025 Harvard University sued the Trump administration over threats to cut federal funding Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The lawsuit asked courts to police federal overreach into university governance and defend institutional autonomy against coercive funding threats.
Supporting reports
- Harvard University sues Trump administration over funding threats — Harvard University has filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration in response to threats of cutting $9 billion in federal funding.
Apr 24, 2025 Judge William Orrick blocked the administration from withholding funds from sanctuary cities and counties. Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The injunction limited federal coercion of local governments and reaffirmed constitutional boundaries on executive funding threats.
Supporting reports
- Federal judge blocks Trump administration from withholding funds from sanctuary cities — On April 24, 2025, U.S.
- Preliminary injunction ruling — City and County of San Francisco v. Donald J. Trump, et al (N.D. Cal.) 3:25-cv-01350 — Judge William Orrick granted a preliminary injunction .
Apr 24, 2025 Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly blocked President Trump's order requiring proof of citizenship on the federal voter registration form. Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling protected election administration from unilateral presidential redesign and preserved Congress's and the states' constitutional roles.
Supporting reports
- Federal judge blocks Trump order requiring proof of citizenship for voter registration — On April 23, 2025, US District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly blocked an executive order by Donald Trump that sought to add a proof of citizenship requirement to the federal voter registration form.
- Preliminary injunction ruling — League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) v. Executive Office of the President (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-00946 — Judge Kollar-Kotelly granted a preliminary injunction , with the exception of the Democracy Party Plaintiffs' motions as to Sections 2(b), 7(a), and 7(b) of the EO.