Trump Action Archive

Supporting reports

• Trump signs Executive Order 14245 imposing 25% tariffs on countries importing Venezuelan oil — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14245 on March 24, 2025, authorizing the imposition of 25% tariffs on all goods imported into the United States from any country that imports Venezuelan oil, effective April 2, 2025. The order invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act, citing the Maduro regime's threat to U.S. national security and foreign policy, the activities of the Tren de Aragua gang, and Venezuela's destabilizing actions. The Secretary of State, in consultation with Treasury, Commerce, Homeland Security, and the U.S. Trade Representative, is authorized to determine which countries will face the tariffs. The tariffs expire one year after a country ceases importing Venezuelan oil or at an earlier date at the Secretary of Commerce's discretion.
• Trump issues executive order imposing 25% tariffs on countries importing Venezuelan oil — President Trump signed an executive order on March 24, 2025, authorizing a 25% tariff on all goods imported into the United States from any country that imports Venezuelan oil, effective April 2, 2025. The order invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and cites the Maduro regime's threat to U.S. national security, the activities of the Tren de Aragua gang, and Venezuela's destabilizing actions. The Secretary of State, in consultation with Treasury, Commerce, Homeland Security, and the USTR, is authorized to determine which countries will face the tariff, which expires one year after a country ceases importing Venezuelan oil.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14245 imposing 25% tariffs on countries importing Venezuelan oil — President Trump signed Executive Order 14245 on March 24, 2025, authorizing the imposition of 25% tariffs on all goods imported into the United States from any country that imports Venezuelan oil, effective April 2, 2025. The order invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act, citing the Maduro regime's threat to U.S. national security and the activities of the Tren de Aragua gang. The Secretary of State is granted discretion to determine which countries will face tariffs, and tariffs expire one year after a country ceases importing Venezuelan oil or at an earlier date at the Secretary of Commerce's discretion.
• White House issues fact sheet on Trump tariffs targeting Venezuelan oil importers — The White House published a fact sheet on March 25, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump on March 24 imposing a 25% tariff on all goods from countries importing Venezuelan oil. The fact sheet states the tariffs aim to pressure the Maduro regime, sever financial support, and address transnational criminal threats including the Tren de Aragua gang. Tariffs will lapse one year after a country ceases importing Venezuelan oil or sooner at officials' discretion.
• Trump announced 25% tariff on Venezuelan oil and gas importers — Trump announced that any country that buys oil or gas from Venezuela will face a 25% tariff on any trade it does with the US. The tariff represents an attempt to weaponize trade policy to enforce geopolitical preferences.

Supporting reports

• SpaceX received expanded federal contracts and access across multiple agencies — The New York Times reported that SpaceX is receiving unprecedented access and contracts across the federal government. The Defense Department is promoting SpaceX's rocketry for military cargo transport. The Commerce Department made SpaceX's Starlink satellite internet fully eligible for the $42 billion federal rural broadband program. NASA is being pressured to shift focus to Mars, allowing SpaceX to pursue federal contracts for human Mars missions. Starlink satellite dishes have been installed at the FAA and the White House. Former FCC official Blair Levin stated: "The odds of Elon getting whatever Elon wants are much higher today. He is in the White House and Mar-a-Lago."

Supporting reports

• Trump signed Executive Order 14241 to accelerate domestic mineral production through expedited permitting, federal land prioritization, and delegated Defense Production Act authority. — President Trump signed Executive Order 14241 on March 20, 2025, directing federal agencies to expedite permitting for mineral production projects, prioritize mineral extraction on federal lands, and delegate Defense Production Act authority to the Secretary of Defense and CEO of the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation. The order waives certain DPA procedural requirements, instructs agencies to identify priority projects for immediate approval within 10 days, and mandates the Secretary of Interior to prioritize mineral production as a primary land use on federal lands holding mineral deposits. The order also directs the Secretary of Defense to facilitate private capital investment in domestic mineral projects and authorizes extended-use leases on federal lands for commercial mineral production enterprises.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14241 directing immediate acceleration of domestic mineral production through expedited permitting, federal land prioritization, and delegated Defense Production Act authority. — President Trump signed Executive Order 14241 on March 20, 2025, establishing immediate measures to increase American mineral production. The order directs federal agencies to expedite permitting for mineral production projects within 10 days, prioritize mineral production on federal lands, and identify sites suitable for private commercial mining enterprises. It delegates Defense Production Act authority to the Secretary of Defense and CEO of the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation to facilitate capital investment and domestic mineral supply chains. The order invokes a national energy emergency and waives certain regulatory requirements to accelerate project approval and financing.
• White House issues fact sheet on manufacturing investment announcements — The White House published a fact sheet titled "President Trump Positions U.S. as Global Superpower in Manufacturing" on March 20, 2025. The document aggregates corporate investment announcements, including Nvidia's stated plan to invest hundreds of billions in U.S. manufacturing, Apple's $500 billion investment, TSMC's $100 billion chip investment, and commitments from automakers and other manufacturers to expand or relocate production to the United States. The fact sheet attributes these announcements to Trump's "America First" trade policies and tariffs.
• White House issues fact sheet promoting executive order on mineral production — The White House published a fact sheet on March 20, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump to accelerate domestic mineral production. The order directs agencies to compile and expedite mineral projects, prioritize mineral activities on federal lands, consider projects for FAST-41 streamlined permitting, use the Defense Production Act to expand capacity, and establish financing mechanisms including a critical minerals fund. The fact sheet frames the action as reducing reliance on foreign minerals and enhancing national security.

Supporting reports

• Trump issues executive order establishing national bitcoin stockpile — On March 6, Trump issued an executive order establishing a national stockpile of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. The order was issued the day before Trump's "crypto summit" and has drawn criticism from watchdogs for its economic risks and for benefiting bitcoin holders while exposing U.S. taxpayers to financial risk.
• Trump signed executive order delaying tariffs on Mexico and Canada goods under USMCA — On March 6, 2025, Trump signed an executive order delaying tariffs on goods from Mexico and Canada covered by the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) for one month until April 2. Trump stated the interim period made conditions "much more favorable for our American car manufacturers."
• Trump delays tariffs on Mexico and Canada — President Donald Trump has announced a delay in the implementation of tariffs on Mexico and Canada, specifically affecting the auto industry. This decision comes after initial plans to impose tariffs, which had caused significant concern among businesses and investors. The delay is seen as a temporary relief but adds to the uncertainty surrounding U.S. trade policy.
• Trump imposes tariffs on Canada and Mexico — President Donald Trump has implemented tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico, which are projected to negatively impact the U.S. economy. The tariffs are expected to raise costs for American manufacturers and consumers, leading to a contraction in factory activity and a decline in stock market performance. The tariffs have been criticized for increasing policy uncertainty and potentially leading to economic stagnation or recession.
• Trump signed amendment modifying tariffs on Canadian goods under drug-flow emergency authority — President Trump signed an amendment to Executive Order 14193 (issued February 1, 2025) that modified tariffs imposed on Canadian articles. The amendment exempts goods entered duty-free under NAFTA/USMCA terms from additional ad valorem duties and reduces the tariff on potash from 25 percent to 10 percent. The modifications took effect March 7, 2025. The order invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act as legal authority.
• White House issued amendment to tariff order on Mexican goods, exempting automotive parts and reducing potash duty. — The White House issued a presidential action amending Executive Order 14194 (issued February 1, 2025). The amendment exempts automotive parts and components entered under NAFTA/USMCA terms from additional tariffs on Mexican goods, and reduces the tariff on potash from 25 percent to 10 percent. The modifications take effect March 7, 2025 at 12:01 a.m. EST. The stated rationale is to minimize disruption to U.S. automotive production and employment.
• White House issues fact sheet on tariff adjustments for Canada and Mexico automotive trade — The White House issued a fact sheet announcing adjustments to tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico, effective March 6, 2025. The document states that tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act on March 4 are now tiered: 25% on goods not meeting USMCA rules of origin, 10% on certain energy products and potash from Canada and Mexico outside USMCA preference, and 0% on goods qualifying for USMCA preference. The fact sheet frames the adjustments as protecting the U.S. automotive industry from supply-chain disruption while maintaining border security leverage.
• Trump signs executive order to pause tariffs — President Donald Trump signed an executive order to pause tariffs on USMCA trade from Canada and Mexico until April 2. This decision marks a temporary delay in the imposition of duties on goods from these countries, reversing a previous move to impose sweeping tariffs. The pause is intended to ease tensions and economic impacts amid recent market fluctuations. The executive order reflects Trump's shifting approach to trade policy with key North American partners.
• Trump announces tariff exemptions — President Trump announced exemptions from tariffs on car and truck parts and goods covered by the U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement, following concerns about inflation and economic growth. This decision reflects the administration's response to economic pressures and market reactions.

Supporting reports

• Trump administration cancels $400 million in Columbia University funding — In March 2025, the Trump administration canceled $400 million in federal funding for Columbia University, the epicenter of pro-Palestinian campus protests in 2024. Columbia subsequently agreed to significant administrative changes demanded by the administration, including placing its Middle Eastern studies department under new supervision, banning face masks on campus, expanding police powers, and staffing up its Institute for Israel and Jewish Studies.
• Trump administration withholds federal funding from Columbia University over antisemitism allegations — The Trump administration pulled $400 million in federal grants and contracts from Columbia University, alleging the institution failed to protect students from antisemitic harassment tied to pro-Palestinian campus protests. Columbia subsequently agreed to changes demanded by the administration as a condition for restoring funding. The administration has also warned at least 60 other universities of possible action and announced a review of $9 billion in federal contracts and grants to Harvard University over similar allegations.
• DOJ, HHS, ED, and GSA announce cancellation of $400 million in federal grants and contracts to Columbia University — The Department of Justice, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Education, and General Services Administration announced the immediate cancellation of approximately $400 million in federal grants and contracts to Columbia University, citing the university's alleged failure to protect Jewish students from harassment and anti-Semitic conduct. The agencies stated the action was taken under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act following a March 3rd notice to the university's acting president. Columbia University holds more than $5 billion in total federal grant commitments. The announcement characterizes the cancellation as the first round of action, with additional cancellations expected.

Supporting reports

• Trump administration suspends $175 million in University of Pennsylvania funding — In March 2025, the Trump administration suspended $175 million in federal funding to the University of Pennsylvania, citing the university's transgender sports policies. The action is part of a broader crackdown on universities perceived as not aligning with the administration's policy positions.

Supporting reports

• Trump awarded Boeing $20 billion defense contract — In March 2025, the Trump administration awarded Boeing a $20 billion contract to build the next generation of fighter jets. A criminal conviction can suspend or revoke a company's ability to receive government contracts. This award occurred while Boeing faced potential criminal prosecution for the 737 MAX crashes and while the DOJ was negotiating the non-prosecution agreement.

Supporting reports

• Trump signs memorandum for new tariff plan — President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum directing the development of a comprehensive plan to address trade imbalances by imposing "reciprocal" duties on countries that target US products. The plan aims to create a system of US import duties matching those imposed by other countries. The US Commerce Department, led by Howard Lutnick, will conduct studies and report back by April. No specific new tariffs were announced, but the administration emphasized the potential for economic and national security improvements.
• Presidential Memorandum on Reciprocal Trade and Tariffs — President issued a memorandum directing the Secretary of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representative to investigate non-reciprocal trade arrangements and propose remedies to establish reciprocal trade relations. The memorandum outlines the "Fair and Reciprocal Plan" to address trade imbalances and unfair practices by foreign trading partners. The plan aims to reduce the U.S. trade deficit and improve economic competitiveness by countering tariffs and non-tariff barriers imposed by other countries.
• President Trump announces Fair and Reciprocal Trade Plan — The White House issued a release announcing President Trump's "Fair and Reciprocal Trade Plan," framed as correcting trade imbalances by imposing reciprocal tariffs on trading partners. The release states the U.S. has an open economy while trading partners keep markets closed, and cites support from industry groups, cabinet officials, and Republican lawmakers. No specific tariff rates, implementation timeline, or formal executive order text is included in the release itself.
• White House issues fact sheet on Trump's "Fair and Reciprocal Plan" trade memorandum — The White House published a fact sheet on February 13, 2025, announcing that President Trump signed a Presidential Memorandum ordering development of a comprehensive trade plan to address what the administration characterizes as non-reciprocal trading arrangements. The fact sheet claims the plan will correct trade imbalances, reduce the trade deficit, and prioritize American workers. It cites specific tariff disparities with Brazil, India, the European Union, and others, and asserts that reciprocal tariffs will restore fairness to international trade.
• White House issues memorandum directing reciprocal tariff investigation and "Fair and Reciprocal Plan" — The White House issued a presidential memorandum directing the Secretary of Commerce, U.S. Trade Representative, and other officials to investigate non-reciprocal trade arrangements with all U.S. trading partners and propose remedies. The memorandum establishes a "Fair and Reciprocal Plan" to examine tariffs, taxes, nontariff barriers, exchange-rate policies, subsidies, and other trade practices deemed unfair. The Secretary of Commerce and USTR are instructed to initiate investigations and submit a report with proposed remedies; OMB must assess fiscal impacts within 180 days.

Supporting reports

• Trump signs executive order pausing FCPA enforcement — President Trump signed an executive order directing the Department of Justice to pause enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which prohibits American companies from bribing foreign officials to obtain or retain business. This move could undermine efforts to prevent public corruption and maintain the rule of law in international business practices.
• Executive Order Pauses FCPA Enforcement — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14209, pausing enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) for 180 days to review guidelines and policies. The order aims to enhance American economic competitiveness and national security by reducing barriers to commerce abroad. The Attorney General is tasked with reviewing and potentially revising FCPA enforcement actions and guidelines during this period.
• Trump halts enforcement of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act — President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing the Department of Justice to halt prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which bans bribery of foreign officials. The order requires the Attorney General to pause these prosecutions until new enforcement guidance is issued, aimed at promoting American competitiveness. This move has been criticized by anti-corruption groups, who argue it undermines the US's leadership in fighting global corruption. The FCPA has been instrumental in significant corporate cases, including actions against Goldman Sachs.
• Trump Pauses FCPA Enforcement — President Donald Trump issued an executive order pausing enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) for 180 days. The order directs the Attorney General to cease new FCPA investigations and review existing ones, with the possibility of extending the review period for another 180 days. The order aims to enhance American economic competitiveness and national security by reducing perceived overreach in FCPA enforcement, which Trump argues impedes U.S. foreign policy objectives.
• White House issued executive order pausing Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement — The White House issued an executive order on February 10, 2025, directing the Attorney General to cease initiating new FCPA investigations and enforcement actions for 180 days while reviewing enforcement guidelines. The order states that FCPA enforcement "harms the interests of the United States" and "impedes" foreign policy objectives. The Attorney General is instructed to review existing investigations and issue revised guidelines prioritizing "American economic competitiveness" and "Presidential foreign policy prerogatives." The order characterizes current FCPA enforcement as "overexpansive" and claims it wastes prosecutorial resources.
• White House issues fact sheet on FCPA enforcement pause — The White House issued a fact sheet on February 10, 2025, announcing that President Trump signed an executive order directing the Attorney General to pause Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) enforcement actions and issue revised enforcement guidance. The fact sheet states that past and existing FCPA actions will be reviewed, and future investigations and enforcement must be approved by the Attorney General. The document frames the pause as necessary to restore American competitiveness and national security.
• Trump signs executive order pausing Foreign Corrupt Practices Act — President Trump signed an executive order pausing the enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits bribery of foreign officials. This suspension could lead to increased corruption in international business dealings.
• Trump signed executive order pausing prosecutions under Foreign Corrupt Practices Act — On February 10, 2025, Trump signed an executive order directing the DOJ to halt prosecutions of Americans accused of bribing foreign government officials. Attorney General Pam Bondi was instructed to pause prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 until she issues revised enforcement guidance promoting American competitiveness. Trump stated the action would "mean a lot more business for America." The White House claimed the law disadvantages US firms compared to foreign competitors.

Supporting reports

• Trump announces 25% tariffs on steel and aluminium imports — Donald Trump announced new 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminium imports into the US, affecting major trading partners such as Canada and Mexico. This move is part of Trump's broader trade policy overhaul and comes as a response to China's retaliatory tariffs on US products. The tariffs are set to take effect immediately and are in addition to existing metal duties. The announcement has drawn criticism from international leaders and raised concerns about potential economic impacts.
• Trump announces tariffs on steel and aluminum imports — President Trump announced a 25% tariff on all steel and aluminum imports into the United States. This decision could impact international trade relations and domestic industries reliant on these materials, potentially leading to increased costs and economic uncertainty.
• President Trump terminates steel import agreements — President Trump issued a proclamation terminating existing alternative agreements on steel imports with several countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, EU countries, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and the UK. Effective March 12, 2025, these imports will be subject to a 25% ad valorem tariff as initially set by Proclamation 9705. The decision aims to address increasing steel imports that threaten U.S. national security by replacing alternative agreements with tariffs.
• Presidential Proclamation Adjusts Aluminum Tariffs — President Donald J. Trump issued a proclamation increasing tariffs on aluminum imports from 10% to 25% ad valorem, effective March 12, 2025. This action aims to address national security concerns by reducing aluminum imports and supporting domestic production. The proclamation also terminates previous agreements with Argentina, Australia, Canada, Mexico, the EU, and the UK, subjecting their aluminum imports to the revised tariff rate.
• Trump issued proclamation raising aluminum tariffs from 10% to 25% and terminating trade agreements with six countries — President Trump signed a proclamation adjusting aluminum import tariffs effective March 12, 2025. The order raises the tariff rate from 10 percent to 25 percent ad valorem on aluminum articles and derivative aluminum articles. It terminates alternative trade agreements with Argentina, Australia, Canada, Mexico, European Union member states, and the United Kingdom, subjecting all aluminum imports from these countries to the new 25 percent rate. The proclamation also terminates the product exclusion process that had allowed certain aluminum products to avoid tariffs, and directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish a process for including additional derivative aluminum articles under the tariff regime.
• Trump issued proclamation terminating steel tariff exemptions and expanding tariff coverage — President Trump signed a proclamation adjusting steel imports into the United States, effective March 12, 2025. The proclamation terminates tariff exemptions and alternative trade agreements with nine countries and the EU (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, South Korea, Japan, UK, and Ukraine), subjecting all their steel and derivative steel article imports to a 25 percent ad valorem tariff. It also expands tariff coverage to additional derivative steel articles, terminates the product exclusion process that previously allowed relief from duties, and directs U.S. Customs to enforce maximum penalties for misclassification.
• White House issues fact sheet on Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs — The White House issued a fact sheet on February 11, 2025, describing proclamations signed by President Trump to restore and expand Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. The fact sheet states that Trump reinstated a 25% tariff on steel and elevated aluminum tariffs to 25%, eliminated exemptions for ten countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, the European Union, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom), and applied stricter classification standards. The document claims these measures protect domestic industries from unfair trade practices and global excess capacity.
• Trump announced 25% tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum — On February 11, 2025, Trump announced 25% tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum, effective without exceptions or exemptions. The action ended previous exemptions granted to certain countries and increased aluminum duty from 10% to 25%. Trump's trade adviser Peter Navarro stated the tariffs ensure America never relies on foreign nations for critical industries. Implementation was set for March 12, suggesting the administration would broker deals with seeking governments.
• White House issued release promoting Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum — The White House published a release on February 11, 2025, announcing that President Trump had imposed a 25% tariff on steel imports and elevated the tariff to 25% on aluminum imports under Section 232. The release compiled statements of support from industry associations, unions, corporate executives, and Republican lawmakers. The document frames the tariffs as protecting American manufacturing and closing loopholes from Trump's first term.

Supporting reports

• Establishment of a United States Sovereign Wealth Fund — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14196, directing the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce to develop a plan for a United States sovereign wealth fund. The plan aims to promote fiscal sustainability, reduce tax burdens, and enhance economic security and international leadership. The plan must be submitted to the President within 90 days and include recommendations on funding, investment strategies, and governance.
• Trump signs executive order to create sovereign wealth fund — On Monday, Donald Trump signed an executive order directing the US Treasury and Commerce Departments to establish a sovereign wealth fund. This fund is intended to act as an investment vehicle for the country, potentially being used to purchase the social media platform TikTok. The creation of the fund requires congressional approval, and its details, including funding sources, remain unspecified. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary nominee Howard Lutnick are tasked with spearheading the fund's development, aiming to operationalize it within 12 months.
• Trump issues executive order to establish U.S. Sovereign Wealth Fund — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on February 3, 2025, directing the establishment of a United States Sovereign Wealth Fund. The order mandates the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, to develop a plan for the fund. This plan is to be submitted within 90 days and should include recommendations on funding mechanisms, investment strategies, and governance models. The initiative aims to promote fiscal sustainability, reduce tax burdens, and enhance U.S. economic leadership internationally.
• White House issued memorandum directing Treasury and Commerce to develop sovereign wealth fund plan — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on February 3, 2025, directing the Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of Commerce to jointly develop a plan for establishing a U.S. sovereign wealth fund within 90 days. The order states the fund aims to "maximize the stewardship of our national wealth for the sole benefit of American citizens," promote fiscal sustainability, reduce tax burdens, and establish economic security for future generations. The plan must include funding mechanisms, investment strategies, governance models, and legal considerations, including any legislative requirements.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order directing sovereign wealth fund plan — The White House published a fact sheet on February 3, 2025, announcing that President Trump signed an executive order directing the Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of Commerce to deliver a plan within 90 days for creation of a U.S. sovereign wealth fund. The order directs the plan to include recommendations for funding mechanisms, investment strategies, fund structure, and governance. The fact sheet states the fund would leverage the federal government's $5.7 trillion in directly held assets and additional indirect asset value to promote fiscal sustainability and economic competitiveness.
• Trump ordered creation of sovereign wealth fund — On February 3, 2025, Trump ordered the US Treasury and Commerce Department to create a sovereign wealth fund operating outside the Federal Reserve and Treasury Department. The fund would require congressional approval and act as an investment vehicle for the country. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the government would "stand this thing up within the next 12 months." Trump suggested the fund could facilitate TikTok purchase but offered few details on funding sources.

Supporting reports

• Trump orders creation of sovereign wealth fund — Trump ordered the US Treasury and Commerce Department to create a sovereign wealth fund. Such a fund, which requires congressional approval, would act as an investment fund for the country, operating outside the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department. Trump offered few details about the fund, including where the cash would come from. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told reporters the government would "stand this thing up within the next 12 months." Trump stated "We have tremendous potential. I think in a short period of time, we'd have one of the biggest funds." Trump also said the fund could be used to facilitate the purchase of TikTok.
• Trump creates strategic bitcoin reserve — Trump signed an executive order to establish a strategic bitcoin reserve. The reserve "will be capitalized with bitcoin owned by the federal government that was forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings," according to Trump's crypto czar David Sacks. Creating the reserve was one of several crypto-related promises Trump made during the 2024 election campaign.

Supporting reports

• Trump declared national energy emergency to unleash oil production in Alaska — On January 20, 2025, Trump declared a national energy emergency as part of a barrage of pro-fossil fuel actions to "unleash" US energy production. The declaration included rolling back restrictions on drilling in Alaska and undoing a pause on gas exports. Trump stated "you can do whatever you have to do to get out of that problem and we do have that kind of emergency." The order states it is US policy to "fully avail itself of Alaska's vast lands and resources." The declaration would allow fast-tracking permits for new fossil fuel infrastructure and will likely face legal challenges.
• Trump declares national energy emergency — On his first day back in office, Donald Trump declared a national energy emergency, allowing his administration to expedite permits for new fossil fuel infrastructure. This declaration is part of a broader agenda to increase oil and gas production, including lifting restrictions on drilling in Alaska and resuming liquefied natural gas exports. The move is expected to face legal challenges due to questions about the legitimacy of the emergency. The declaration aims to boost national security and job creation by increasing natural resource production.
• Trump declares national energy emergency to bypass environmental permitting rules — On his first day back in office (January 2025), Trump declared a national "energy emergency" to accelerate permitting for oil and gas projects and override environmental regulations. The declaration claimed to address a purported energy crisis, though the U.S. produces more oil and gas than any other nation. Fifteen Democratic state attorneys general sued to halt the declaration, arguing it unlawfully bypassed normal permitting procedures and endangered natural resources and drinking water standards.
• Trump signs order to expand oil and gas drilling in Alaska — Donald Trump signed an executive order to expand oil and gas drilling in Alaska, including the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). This order reverses Biden-era restrictions and opens up nearly 3 million acres of the Arctic Ocean for drilling. The move fulfills a campaign promise and is part of Trump's broader strategy to increase fossil fuel production. Environmentalists have criticized the decision, citing potential harm to wildlife and ecosystems.
• Trump unleashes pro-fossil fuel executive actions — On his first day in office, President Donald Trump issued dozens of executive actions favoring the fossil fuel industry. These actions are part of a broader strategy to support oil and gas companies, which spent $445 million in the last election cycle to influence Trump and Congress. The executive actions are expected to benefit these companies, aligning with Trump's campaign promises to expand fossil fuel production and reverse previous climate policies.

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• Presidential memorandum on America First Trade Policy — The Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum establishing the America First Trade Policy. This policy directs various departments to investigate trade deficits, unfair trade practices, and currency manipulation. It also mandates reviews of trade agreements, including the USMCA, and assesses economic relations with China. The memorandum aims to enhance national security and benefit American workers and businesses by recommending tariffs and other measures.
• White House issued presidential memorandum on America First Trade Policy — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing multiple cabinet secretaries and trade officials to conduct investigations and reviews of U.S. trade practices, trade deficits, unfair trading practices by other countries, currency manipulation, tariff collection mechanisms, and trade agreements including USMCA and those with China. The memorandum orders assessments of the industrial base, export controls, and national security implications of trade policy, with unified reports due to the President by April 1 and April 30, 2025.
• Trump plans 25% tariff on Canadian and Mexican imports — Donald Trump has pledged to impose a 25% tariff on all Canadian and Mexican imports, affecting America's two largest trading partners. This move is linked to drug-trafficking concerns and could reshape North American commerce. Both Canada and Mexico have indicated they would respond to such tariffs, potentially leading to trade tensions.

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• Trump launches cryptocurrency — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump launched his own cryptocurrency, which reportedly made over $50 billion shortly after its introduction. This move raised significant ethical concerns regarding the emoluments clause of the Constitution, as it allows for potential direct financial contributions to the president from individuals seeking favors. The launch was accompanied by a similar initiative from Melania Trump, which also gained substantial value quickly.
• Trump launches cryptocurrency before inauguration — President-Elect Donald Trump launched a new cryptocurrency, a "memecoin," which reportedly made him over $50 billion on paper. This action, occurring just days before his inauguration, raises concerns about the use of political power for personal financial gain and the ethical implications of such actions by a public official.
• Trump promotes cryptocurrency tokens — President Trump promoted cryptocurrency tokens on Truth Social, claiming to make billions from them. This promotion raises ethical concerns about the use of presidential influence for personal financial gain.
• Potential for memecoins to facilitate pseudobribery — The article discusses how memecoins like TRUMP and MELANIA could be used to facilitate pseudobribery, allowing individuals to give money to public figures without direct transfers. By purchasing these coins, individuals can increase their value, indirectly enriching the coin holders. This mechanism could be exploited for corrupt practices, evading campaign finance laws and gift taxes. The potential for such use raises significant concerns about transparency and corruption in political finance.
• Trump launches cryptocurrencies TRUMP and MELANIA — Donald Trump and his wife Melania launched two cryptocurrencies named TRUMP and MELANIA just before his inauguration. Despite initial declines in value, the market capitalizations of these coins remain significant, with TRUMP at approximately $7 billion and MELANIA at $800 million. The launch has sparked controversy within the crypto community, with concerns about the potential impact on the respectability of cryptocurrencies. The coins are seen as speculative assets rather than currencies, with potential implications for financial and political dynamics.
• Crypto exchanges promote $TRUMP coin — Major cryptocurrency exchanges Coinbase, Kraken, and Robinhood have listed and promoted the $TRUMP meme coin, significantly increasing its visibility and demand. These exchanges are under scrutiny by the SEC for regulatory violations, and their promotion of $TRUMP may be motivated by hopes of favorable treatment from the Trump administration. The exchanges' actions highlight the potential for regulatory capture and the transformation of the presidency into a tool for personal enrichment.
• Trump demands lower interest rates — Former President Trump demanded that Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell lower interest rates, claiming he understands interest rates better than current decision-makers. Trump argues that lower rates would counteract inflation, despite economic concerns that such a move could worsen inflation if combined with proposed tariffs.
• Trump Organization's new foreign business deals — The Trump Organization announced new foreign business deals, including developments in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam. These deals involve branding agreements and partnerships with local developers. The Trump Organization's current ethics statement does not restrict foreign deals, unlike the 2017 statement. This change raises concerns about potential foreign influence and conflicts of interest, as these ventures require government permits and could give foreign governments leverage over the President.

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• Regulatory Freeze Pending Review — The Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum ordering a regulatory freeze pending review. This directive requires all executive departments and agencies to halt proposing or issuing new rules until reviewed and approved by a department or agency head appointed by the President. The memorandum also mandates the withdrawal of rules sent to the Office of the Federal Register but not yet published, and considers postponing the effective date of published rules for 60 days for further review. The Office of Management and Budget Director is tasked with overseeing the implementation of this memorandum.
• White House issued presidential memorandum imposing regulatory freeze pending review — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing all executive departments and agencies to halt the proposal or issuance of any rule until reviewed and approved by a department or agency head appointed after noon that day. The order requires withdrawal of rules sent to the Federal Register but not yet published, and directs agencies to postpone for 60 days the effective date of published rules or rules not yet in effect, pending review of factual, legal, and policy questions. The OMB Director may exempt rules addressing emergencies or statutory/judicial deadlines.

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• Presidential memorandum on emergency price relief — The Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum directing executive departments and agencies to deliver emergency price relief to American families. The memorandum aims to lower housing costs, reduce healthcare expenses, and eliminate climate policies that increase food and fuel costs. The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy is tasked with reporting on the implementation status within 30 days and every 30 days thereafter.
• White House issued presidential memorandum directing emergency price relief measures — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing all executive departments and agencies to deliver emergency price relief and increase worker prosperity. The memorandum attributes inflation to Biden-era policies, regulatory burden, and energy restrictions. It orders agencies to lower housing costs, reduce healthcare administrative expenses, eliminate appliance requirements, create employment, and eliminate climate policies affecting food and fuel costs. The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy is directed to report on implementation every 30 days.
• White House issues fact sheet promoting presidential memorandum on price relief — The White House published a fact sheet on January 22, 2025, promoting a Presidential Memorandum signed by President Trump directing federal agencies to reduce regulatory burdens and lower costs for housing, healthcare, appliances, and energy. The fact sheet attributes inflation and high consumer costs to Biden-era policies and claims Trump's first-term agenda reduced regulatory costs by approximately $11,000 per household, while asserting Biden policies imposed nearly $50,000 in costs per household.