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Jul 22, 2026 The House of Representatives passed the NDAA with war funding, voting restrictions, and a Pentagon renaming provision Corroborated Institutions and Governance
Bundling defense policy with election restrictions and war measures showed Congress using must-pass vehicles for major democratic changes.
Supporting reports
- House passes $1.15tn defense bill — The US House of Representatives passed a $1.15 trillion defense policy bill, the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), with a 216-212 vote.
Jul 21, 2026 Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth asked the Senate for nearly $88 billion in supplemental Iran-war funding and defended a much larger military budget Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
Large war and budget requests forced Congress to confront executive military expansion through appropriations and oversight.
Supporting reports
- Defense Secretary Requests Additional $88 Billion for War on Iran — During a Senate appropriations committee hearing, U.S.
- Pete Hegseth Testifies on Military Budget Increase — On July 21, 2026, U.S.
- Pentagon Requests Additional Funding Amid War Costs — Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Dan Caine testified before the Senate Appropriations Committee, requesting an urgent $67 billion to sustain Pentagon operations until
May 26, 2026 Speaker Mike Johnson sent House members home early to avoid a war powers vote on Iran Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The move weakened Congress's ability to check military action and showed procedural control being used to avoid institutional oversight.
Supporting reports
- Congress Prepares to Address War Powers Regarding Iran — Following the expiration of the 60-day timeline for congressional approval of military action in Iran, House Speaker Mike Johnson had to send representatives home early to prevent the passage of a war powers resolution
May 5, 2026 Fulton County filed a motion to quash a federal subpoena seeking poll-worker contact information Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The filing pushed back on federal demands that local officials said could intimidate election workers and disrupt state election administration.
Supporting reports
- Fulton County files motion to quash federal subpoena for poll worker details — Fulton County, Georgia, has filed a motion in federal court to quash a subpoena issued by Dan Bishop, the interim US attorney for North Carolina's middle district.
Apr 16, 2026 The House of Representatives rejected a war powers resolution on Iran by one vote Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The failure left the executive with broader room to continue military action, underscoring weak legislative control over war powers.
Supporting reports
- US House Rejects War Powers Resolution on Iran — On Thursday, the US House of Representatives narrowly rejected a war powers resolution aimed at preventing further military action against Iran.
- War Powers Resolution to Block Iran War Fails in House — The War Powers Resolution intended to block President Trump's continuation of Operation Epic Fury in Iran failed in the House of Representatives by a narrow vote of 213-214.
Apr 7, 2026 Congressional leaders left Congress inactive during escalating Iran threats Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The inaction weakened legislative oversight at a moment of possible war escalation and left executive decisions less constrained.
Supporting reports
- Congress remains inactive amid Trump's threats — Members of both chambers of Congress were away for the week, and Republican leaders showed no signs of calling them back to address President Trump's escalating threats against Iran.
Mar 19, 2026 The Senate voted down a measure to limit President Trump's war powers against Iran Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The vote left presidential war authority largely intact and showed Congress declining to reassert a stronger institutional check.
Supporting reports
- Senate votes down measure aiming to limit Trump’s war powers — On March 18, 2026, the U.S.
Mar 5, 2026 The House of Representatives rejected a war powers resolution to end hostilities with Iran Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The failed vote left the executive with broad room to continue military action, showing legislative reluctance to enforce its own war powers.
Supporting reports
- US House rejects war powers resolution to end hostilities with Iran — The US House of Representatives voted against a war powers resolution that aimed to end hostilities with Iran, with a vote of 212-219.
- U.S. Administration Conflicted on War Status with Iran — There is confusion within the U.S.
Feb 21, 2026 The Supreme Court ruled that President Trump's IEEPA tariff regime was unlawful Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling reaffirmed that Congress, not the president alone, controls tariff power and imposed a direct judicial check on executive overreach.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court rules Trump's tariffs unconstitutional — The U.S.
- Supreme Court Strikes Down Trump's Tariff Regime — The Supreme Court ruled against President Trump's tariff regime, declaring it unlawful.
- Supreme Court Rules Trump's Tariffs Illegal — The Supreme Court ruled that many of Donald Trump's tariffs, imposed unilaterally under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), were illegal.
Jan 7, 2026 A federal judge ordered Lindsey Halligan to justify using the title of U.S. attorney after an unlawful-appointment ruling Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The order tested whether executive appointees could keep exercising prosecutorial authority after a court found their appointment unlawful.
Supporting reports
- Trump lawyer ordered to defend using US attorney title despite ruling it’s unlawful — A federal judge has ordered Lindsey Halligan, a Trump-appointed lawyer, to justify her continued use of the title "US Attorney" for the Eastern District of Virginia.
Oct 9, 2025 A federal grand jury and U.S. Attorney Lindsey Halligan indicted Letitia James on mortgage-related charges Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The indictment of a state attorney general after reported internal resistance raised sharp concerns about retaliatory prosecution and institutional independence.
Supporting reports
- Letitia James indicted on mortgage fraud charges — Letitia James, the New York State Attorney General, was indicted on charges of mortgage fraud by a federal prosecutor appointed by President Donald Trump.
- Lindsey Halligan indicted NY AG Letitia James on bank fraud charges — Lindsey Halligan, the newly installed US Attorney, complied with demands from former President Trump to indict New York Attorney General Letitia James on charges of bank fraud related to her mortgage applications.
- New York Attorney General Letitia James Indicted — New York Attorney General Letitia James was indicted on charges of bank fraud and making false statements, following pressure from Trump.
Oct 6, 2025 Pam Bondi refused to answer key questions at a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The evasions weakened congressional oversight of the Justice Department and limited public accountability for executive actions.
Supporting reports
- Bondi's refusal to answer questions led to accusations of contempt — Throughout the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, Pam Bondi repeatedly refused to answer questions from senators, leading to accusations of contempt and a lack of accountability.
- Senate Judiciary Committee held a contentious hearing with AG Pam Bondi — Attorney General Pam Bondi appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee, where she faced intense questioning regarding her handling of various issues, including the investigation into Jeffrey Epstein and the Trump
- Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on Pam Bondi's Tenure — During a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, U.S.
Sep 8, 2025 The Supreme Court temporarily allowed Trump to withhold nearly $5 billion in congressionally appropriated foreign aid Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order gave the executive branch more room to delay or nullify spending decisions made by Congress.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court Allows Trump to Withhold $5bn in Foreign Aid — The US Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Roberts, temporarily halted a lower court's order requiring the Trump administration to spend nearly $5 billion in foreign aid that Congress had appropriated.
- Partial Stay on District Court Order in Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition — The Supreme Court, through Chief Justice John G.
- Trump Administration Files Emergency Appeal on Foreign Aid — The Trump administration filed an emergency appeal to the Supreme Court to freeze billions in foreign aid after a lower court ruled the funds must be spent before they expire.
Aug 15, 2025 D.C. Attorney General Brian Schwalb sued the Trump administration over its police takeover Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The lawsuit used institutional legal channels to defend local self-government against federal encroachment.
Supporting reports
- DC Attorney General Sues Trump Administration Over Police Takeover — DC's attorney general filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration to block its takeover of the local police department, arguing that it infringes on the District's right to self-governance and endangers public
Aug 7, 2025 Vice President J.D. Vance encouraged Indiana Republicans to redraw the state's congressional map Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The intervention showed federal political leaders pressing state institutions to use redistricting power for partisan advantage.
Supporting reports
- JD Vance encourages Indiana Republicans to redraw congressional map — JD Vance met with Republican lawmakers in Indiana to encourage them to redraw the state's congressional map to favor the GOP.
- Administration plans to redistrict Indiana amid election concerns — The administration is reportedly planning to engage in redistricting efforts in Indiana, sending Vice President J.D.
Jun 1, 2025 NPR and public radio stations sued over President Trump's order cutting funding to public media Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The lawsuit asked courts to block executive retaliation against media funding and tested First Amendment limits on presidential power.
Supporting reports
- NPR and Public Radio Stations File Lawsuit Against Trump's Executive Order — NPR, along with three Colorado-based public radio stations, has filed a lawsuit challenging an executive order by President Trump that cuts federal funding to media outlets he deems "biased." The lawsuit argues that
Mar 23, 2025 The Trump administration ignored Judge Boasberg’s order to halt deportation flights, according to reports and later litigation Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The reported defiance tested whether courts could effectively constrain executive action in immigration cases.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Ignores Court Order on Deportation Flights — The Trump administration defied a court order from U.S.
- Trump Administration Allegedly Defies Court Order on Deportation — The Trump administration reportedly ignored a court order to halt the deportation of alleged Venezuelan gang members, claiming the ruling did not apply as the flights were over international waters.
Mar 18, 2025 Judge Theodore Chuang ruled that dismantling USAID likely violated the Constitution and ordered parts of the agency restored Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling defended Congress's role in creating agencies and limited executive attempts to shut one down unilaterally.
Supporting reports
- Federal Judge Rules USAid Shutdown Likely Violated Constitution — On March 17, 2025, U.S.
- Federal Judge Blocks USAID Dismantling — A federal judge ruled that the dismantling of USAID likely violates the Constitution and blocked further cuts to the agency.
- Judge Chuang Rules Against Destruction of USAID — U.S.
Feb 7, 2025 Government worker unions sued Trump and Rubio over USAID cuts Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The lawsuit challenged whether the executive could dismantle an agency and halt its funding without Congress.
Supporting reports
- Government workers sue Trump and Rubio over USAid cuts — The American Federation of Government Employees and the American Foreign Service Association filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration in Washington, DC federal court.
Jan 25, 2025 President Trump fired at least 17 inspectors general without the required notice to Congress Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The removals weakened internal oversight across agencies and tested legal limits on presidential control over watchdog offices.
Supporting reports
- Trump fires 17 Inspectors General without notice — Former President Trump fired 17 non-partisan, independent Inspectors General at various government agencies without providing the required 30-day notice to Congress.
- Trump fires multiple inspectors general — President Trump informed at least 15 inspectors general across various federal departments that they were fired, including those from Defense, State, and Health and Human Services.
- Trump Fires Federal Government Watchdogs — On Friday, Donald Trump dismissed more than a dozen independent federal government watchdogs, including inspectors general at the departments of state, defense, and transportation.