Trump Action Archive

Supporting reports

• Executive Order on Foreign Relations Policy Implementation — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14211, mandating that all U.S. foreign policy be implemented under the President's direction. The order empowers the Secretary of State to reform the Foreign Service to ensure compliance with the President's policies, including personnel actions for non-compliance. The order emphasizes the Secretary's discretion in implementing these reforms.
• Trump administration claimed constitutional authority over foreign affairs in executive order — On February 12, 2025, the Trump administration issued an executive order in which Trump claimed the Constitution "vests the power to conduct foreign policy in the President of the United States." This assertion was made in the context of expanding presidential authority over foreign affairs and domestic immigration enforcement.
• Trump issues executive order on foreign relations — President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "One Voice for America’s Foreign Relations" on February 12, 2025. The order mandates that all officers and employees involved in implementing U.S. foreign policy must do so under the President's direction and authority. It emphasizes the role of the Secretary of State in maintaining a workforce committed to the President's foreign policy agenda. The order outlines reforms in recruiting, performance evaluation, and retention standards within the Foreign Service to ensure alignment with the President's policies.
• White House issued executive order centralizing foreign policy personnel authority under the Secretary of State — The White House issued an executive order titled "One Voice for America's Foreign Relations" on February 12, 2025. The order asserts that Article II vests foreign policy power in the President and directs that all officers and employees implementing U.S. foreign policy must do so under presidential direction. It grants the Secretary of State sole and exclusive discretion to determine personnel actions, including discipline and separation, for Foreign Service members, Civil Service employees, and other staff. The order mandates reform of Foreign Service recruiting, evaluation, retention, and training to ensure "faithful implementation" of the President's foreign policy agenda.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order centralizing foreign policy authority under the President — The White House published a fact sheet on February 12, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump that establishes centralized control over U.S. foreign relations. The order reaffirms presidential authority over foreign policy implementation, reasserts the Secretary of State's authority over Foreign Service Officers, directs reform of foreign service recruiting and performance standards, and empowers the Secretary of State to revise the Foreign Affairs Manual and procedural documents. The fact sheet states the order ensures diplomatic actions align with the President's directives and that personnel are held accountable to the President's vision.

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• Trump issues executive order for agency cooperation with Doge — President Donald Trump issued an executive order mandating federal agencies to cooperate with Elon Musk's "department of government efficiency" (Doge). The order aims to reduce federal workforce size and limit hiring, allowing only one new hire for every four departures. Exceptions are made for military, immigration, law enforcement, and public safety agencies. The order also encourages federal workers to resign with financial incentives, though its legality is under judicial review. Over 65,000 workers have reportedly opted for buyouts.
• Trump signs executive order establishing DOGE — President Donald Trump signed an executive order titled “Implementing The President’s ‘Department of Government Efficiency’ Workforce Optimization Initiative,” which places Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) in charge of hiring and firing across U.S. government agencies. This order allows DOGE operatives to oversee staffing decisions and mandates a significant reduction in government personnel. Critics argue this creates a parallel authority within the government that undermines traditional oversight.

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• Tom Homan, Trump's border czar, attacks Pope Francis for criticizing immigration policy — On February 11, 2025, the day after Pope Francis issued his letter to American bishops, Tom Homan, Trump's border czar and self-identified "lifelong Catholic," told reporters at the White House: "I've got harsh words for the Pope…. He ought to fix the Catholic Church and concentrate on his work and leave border enforcement to us." Homan's statement directly rejected papal authority to comment on U.S. immigration policy and asserted executive dominance over the issue.

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• Trump establishes anti-Christian bias task force — President Trump signed an executive order to establish a task force aimed at eradicating anti-Christian bias in the federal government. This initiative reflects the administration's focus on religious issues and could influence government policies.

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• Trump orders NGO funding review — President Trump issued an executive memo ordering a review of federal funding to all non-government organizations. This review could impact the financial support and operations of NGOs across various sectors.

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• USAID employees placed on leave — The Trump administration announced that thousands of global USAID employees would be placed on administrative leave starting Friday, with orders to return to the US within 30 days. This action is part of the administration's efforts to restructure and control foreign aid operations.

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• Executive Order: Addressing Egregious Actions of The Republic of South Africa — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on February 7, 2025, to address actions by the Republic of South Africa. The order responds to South Africa's Expropriation Act 13 of 2024, which allows the seizure of Afrikaners' agricultural property without compensation. The order halts U.S. aid to South Africa and promotes the resettlement of Afrikaner refugees facing racial discrimination. It also directs U.S. agencies to prioritize humanitarian relief for these refugees. The order reflects U.S. disapproval of South Africa's policies and its international alignments that oppose U.S. interests.
• Executive Order on South Africa sanctions — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14204, halting U.S. aid to South Africa due to its Expropriation Act 13 of 2024, which allows seizure of Afrikaners' property without compensation. The order also promotes resettlement of Afrikaner refugees in the U.S. and directs agencies to prioritize humanitarian relief for victims of racial discrimination in South Africa.
• US suspends aid to South Africa after Trump order — The US State Department has paused most foreign assistance to South Africa following an executive order by Donald Trump. Executive Order 14204, issued on February 7, 2025, claims that white South Africans are being unjustly discriminated against. The order mandates the suspension of aid disbursements, with few exceptions, such as the Pepfar HIV/AIDS program. Secretary of State Marco Rubio signed the directive, delegating authority to Pete Marocco to decide on the continuation of specific aid programs. This move has heightened tensions between the US and South Africa.
• White House issued executive order halting U.S. aid to South Africa and prioritizing Afrikaner refugee resettlement — The White House issued an executive order on February 7, 2025, directing all federal agencies to halt foreign aid and assistance to South Africa, citing the country's Expropriation Act 13 of 2024 (which permits seizure of agricultural property without compensation), alleged racial discrimination against Afrikaners, and South Africa's foreign policy positions toward Israel and Iran. The order directs the Secretary of State and Secretary of Homeland Security to prioritize admission and resettlement of Afrikaners through the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order addressing South Africa — The White House published a fact sheet on February 7, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump to address what it characterizes as human rights violations in South Africa. The fact sheet states the order directs the U.S. to halt aid to South Africa, establish a plan to resettle "disfavored minorities" as refugees, and hold the country accountable. The document frames South Africa's land expropriation act and treatment of "ethnic minority descendants of settler groups" as discriminatory, and criticizes South Africa's positions on Israel and Iran.

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• White House issued memorandum directing executive agencies to review and align NGO funding with administration priorities — The White House issued a memorandum on February 6, 2025, directing heads of executive departments and agencies to review all funding provided to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and to align future funding decisions with "the interests of the United States" and "the goals and priorities" of the administration as expressed in executive actions. The memorandum states that the U.S. Government has provided "significant taxpayer dollars" to NGOs "many of which are engaged in actions that actively undermine the security, prosperity, and safety of the American people" and asserts it is administration policy to "stop funding NGOs that undermine the national interest."

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• Trump administration froze federal spending — The Trump administration ordered a freeze on trillions of dollars in federal spending, which disrupted Medicaid payments, childcare programs, meals for seniors, housing subsidies, and special education programs. This action was criticized for violating the Constitution and the 1974 Impoundment Control Act. The freeze was temporarily blocked by a federal district court judge in Washington DC, Loren AliKhan, and was rescinded by the administration two days later amid confusion and criticism.
• White House rescinds memo on federal fund freeze — The White House has rescinded a memo that announced a freeze on federal funds, following public backlash. The freeze was deemed unconstitutional and part of a broader strategy to withhold funds distributed by Congress. The reversal is seen as a victory for those advocating for adherence to constitutional processes and the proper allocation of federal resources.
• Trump rescinds federal grants and loans freeze — President Trump rescinded an order that froze federal grants, loans, and financial assistance after widespread confusion and outcry. The initial freeze threatened to disrupt significant federal spending relied upon by local governments, schools, and police departments. The reversal highlights the chaotic nature of policy rollouts under Trump's administration.

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• Trump issues executive order dismissing anti-corruption inspectors — President Donald Trump signed an executive order leading to the dismissal of independent anti-corruption inspectors from various federal agencies. This move is part of a broader strategy to consolidate power within the executive branch by removing officials deemed insufficiently loyal to Trump's administration. The action has raised concerns about the erosion of checks and balances within the federal government, as these inspectors play a crucial role in maintaining accountability and transparency.

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• Trump fired NLRB and EEOC members — President Trump fired Gwynne Wilcox, a member of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and two members of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Charlotte Burrows and Jocelyn Samuels. These firings were criticized as unprecedented and illegal, as the members were appointed by Democratic presidents and had several years left in their terms.

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• Trump administration moves to place USAid under State Department control — The Trump administration is reportedly moving to strip the US Agency for International Development (USAid) of its independence and place it under the control of the State Department. This move is part of a broader effort to align foreign aid with Trump's "America First" policies. The administration has already frozen foreign aid while conducting a review, and plaques with USAid's seal have been removed, signaling the merger's progress. The potential executive order to dissolve USAid's independence has raised legal and national interest concerns.
• USAID officials placed on leave — Two top security officials from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) were placed on administrative leave after refusing to grant system access to officials from Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). This action is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to consolidate control over federal agencies and limit their independence.
• USAID officials placed on leave over Musk access dispute — Senior officials at USAID were placed on leave after attempting to prevent Elon Musk's team from accessing the agency's computer systems. Musk's team reportedly threatened to call the police when access was denied. The incident has raised concerns about security and the influence of private interests on government operations.
• Elon Musk locks USAID staff out of building — Elon Musk locked USAID staffers out of their building, with police tape and officers blocking entry. Musk announced the shutdown on X, claiming the agency was beyond repair. USAID's website and computer systems were also inaccessible. Musk stated he had Trump's approval for the action. Congressional Democrats held a press conference denouncing the move, and USAID officials expressed concerns about safety and surveillance.
• USAID placed under State Department supervision — Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced that USAID would not be shut down but placed under State Department supervision. Rubio stated that USAID must align with U.S. national interests and foreign policy. The decision followed Elon Musk's attempt to shut down USAID, which was met with backlash from Congress and international observers.
• Marco Rubio declares himself head of USAid — On Monday, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio declared himself the acting administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAid), as staffers were locked out of its Washington DC headquarters. This move is part of an effort to align USAid with President Trump's priorities. The White House confirmed plans to merge USAid into the State Department, aiming to reduce the workforce and align spending with the president's agenda. This action has sparked criticism from Democrats and other opponents who view it as an authoritarian move.
• USAID headquarters closed — USAID's headquarters in Washington was closed, and employees were instructed to stay home via a late-night email. This closure is part of the Trump administration's efforts to dismantle the agency and consolidate control over foreign aid.
• Rubio to lead USAID — Senator Marco Rubio announced he will act as the administrator of USAID, despite the agency's historical independence. He also named Pete Marocco, linked to the Jan. 6 insurrection, to run the agency, raising concerns about the agency's future direction.

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• Musk offers federal workers pay to resign — Elon Musk offered all 2 million federal workers eight months' pay if they resign, a move that has been criticized as potentially illegal and disruptive. The offer has raised concerns about the impact on government operations and the potential loss of experienced personnel.
• Treasury Secretary grants Musk access to payment systems — Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent approved access to the Treasury's payments system for Elon Musk's team, following the administrative leave and subsequent retirement of Acting Secretary David Lebryk, who had refused the access. The payments system controls disbursement of over $6 trillion annually, and the decision to grant access to Musk's team has raised concerns about political influence and security.
• Attempt to Access Payment Systems — Elon Musk's team forced the resignation of David A. Lebryk, the highest-ranking career official at the Treasury Department, amid concerns that Musk's associates sought access to the U.S. government's payment systems. This access could allow for politically motivated interference in federal payments.
• Musk's team takes control of Treasury payment system — Elon Musk's team gained control of the Treasury's payment system, which manages approximately $6 trillion annually, allowing them access to sensitive financial information of Americans and businesses. This takeover was facilitated by the Trump administration, which placed two USAID security officials on leave when they attempted to prevent Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) from accessing classified information. The implications of this action raise significant concerns about the security and integrity of U.S. government operations.
• Elon Musk gains access to US Treasury payment system — Elon Musk has reportedly gained access to the US Treasury payment system, which is responsible for funding government operations. This access has raised concerns about bypassing traditional government oversight, as Musk is neither a federal employee nor appointed by the President. The situation has been described as a potential coup, with Musk and his team allegedly circumventing Congress and the executive branch. This development has sparked significant public outcry and calls for action to prevent further unauthorized control over government functions.
• Musk's Team Takes Control of U.S. Treasury Payment Systems — Elon Musk's team, operating under the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), has taken control of the U.S. Treasury payment systems, which manage approximately $6 trillion in annual transactions. This action allows them access to sensitive personal information and enables Musk to cancel transactions he deems wasteful, including the IRS Direct File system that allowed free online tax filing. This move raises concerns about the legality and security of government operations.
• Musk's team takes control of U.S. Treasury systems — Elon Musk's team, operating under the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), has taken control of the U.S. Treasury payment systems, which manage approximately $6 trillion in annual transactions. This action allows them access to sensitive personal information and enables Musk to cancel transactions he deems wasteful, including the IRS Direct File system. This move raises significant concerns about the security and integrity of government operations.
• Musk's DOGE given access to federal payment systems — Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) has been granted access to federal payment systems, allowing them to review government payments for waste. Although their access is described as "read only," this move is highly irregular and raises concerns about data privacy and the influence of private entities on government operations.
• Treasury grants Musk's team access to payment systems — The U.S. Department of the Treasury granted Elon Musk's team "read-only" access to coded data of the government's payment systems, which handle transactions such as social security payments and tax refunds. This access has sparked protests and concerns among Democratic lawmakers and the public about the potential misuse of sensitive financial data. Treasury officials assured that the system remains robust and effective, with no valid payment requests rejected, but the decision has been met with skepticism and fear of data exploitation.
• Elon Musk seizes control of US Treasury — Elon Musk, a private citizen, has reportedly seized control of the US Treasury, leading to significant financial disruptions. This action has resulted in the loss of funds for organizations such as the Haw River Assembly and World Relief, affecting grants and refugee resettlement money. The seizure is part of broader concerns about the potential confirmation of Russell Vought to the Office of Management and Budget, who is expected to support such actions if confirmed.

Supporting reports

• Trump administration releases order to identify civil servants for dismissal — The Trump administration released an order requiring federal agencies to identify civil servants who could be stripped of legal protections against arbitrary dismissal. This order potentially affects a large number of federal employees, undermining the 1978 Civil Service Act's protections. The move is seen as an effort to politicize the federal workforce by allowing dismissals based on political loyalty.
• Trump demands mass resignations of civil servants — President Trump demanded the mass resignation of civil servants, offering eight months' pay for those who resign within a week. This move is part of an effort to reshape the federal workforce to be more loyal to his administration. The Office of Personnel Management sent an email to approximately 2.3 million federal workers, indicating a push to create a "reliable, loyal, trustworthy" workforce, raising concerns about politicization of the civil service.
• Trump issues executive order stripping civil servants of protections — President Trump signed an executive order that strips civil servants of many employment protections, making it easier to dismiss them for political reasons. This order is seen as an attempt to bypass the 1978 Civil Service Act, which ensures that federal workers are hired based on merit and cannot be arbitrarily dismissed. The move has been criticized as an attack on the independence and integrity of the civil service.
• Musk announces "deferred resignation" program for federal employees — Elon Musk, using his access to the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), emailed all federal civil employees to announce a "deferred resignation" program. The program offers pay and benefits until September 30, 2025, for employees who choose to resign, with minimal work requirements. The program has been condemned by the American Federation of Government Employees as it could disrupt federal government operations. Musk's influence in Washington stems from his role in the Department of Government Efficiency, despite not being a federal employee.
• Agencies can rescind resignation agreements at their discretion — The OPM memo states that agencies can rescind the "deferred resignation" agreement at their sole discretion, without review by the Merit Systems Protection Board or any other forum. While employees can request a rescission of their resignation, the agency is not obligated to agree. This provision gives agencies significant control over the resignation process and limits employees' ability to challenge decisions.
• Federal employees may be required to work despite resignation agreement — The OPM contract for the "deferred resignation" agreement specifies that federal employees who accept the offer must work through February 28. After this date, they may not be expected to work except in "rare circumstances" determined by their agency. The contract does not define these circumstances, leaving the decision to the agency's discretion. This contradicts earlier claims that employees would not have to work during the resignation period.
• OPM contract waives federal employees' legal rights — The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) released a contract for the "deferred resignation" agreement, which includes a waiver of federal employees' rights to enforce the agreement in court or any other forum. Section 13 of the contract states that employees waive their right to pursue any legal action related to their employment or the resignation offer. This waiver includes claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and prohibits labor unions from filing grievances on behalf of employees.
• Trump administration offers "deferred resignation" to federal employees — The Trump administration, through the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), offered a "deferred resignation" deal to federal employees, claiming they could resign effective September 30 and receive full pay without working until then. However, the fine print revealed employees might still be required to work until their resignation date. About 20,000 federal workers accepted the offer. The administration aimed for a 5-10% resignation rate, but the offer was misleadingly reported as a "buyout" without a lump sum payment. The deal's terms were clarified in a new OPM memo and contract.

Supporting reports

• Executive Order Imposing Duties on Chinese Opioid Supply Chain — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing a 10% ad valorem tariff on products from the People's Republic of China. This action aims to address the synthetic opioid crisis by targeting the supply chain of fentanyl and related chemicals. The order expands the national emergency declared in Proclamation 10886, citing China's failure to curb the flow of precursor chemicals and money laundering activities linked to opioid production. The tariffs apply to goods entered for consumption after February 4, 2025, with specific exemptions outlined for goods in transit before this date.
• Trump issues executive order imposing duties on Canadian imports — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing additional tariffs on Canadian imports to address the flow of illicit drugs across the northern border. The order cites the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act as the basis for imposing a 25% ad valorem tariff on most Canadian goods and a 10% tariff on energy products. The order aims to pressure Canada into taking more action against drug trafficking organizations and the production of fentanyl, which is seen as a public health crisis in the United States.
• Trump issues executive order imposing duties on Mexican imports — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing a 25% ad valorem tariff on all products imported from Mexico. This action was taken under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act, citing the influx of illegal aliens and illicit drugs as a national emergency. The tariffs are intended to pressure Mexico to take more significant action against drug trafficking organizations and illegal migration. The order specifies that the tariffs will apply to goods entered for consumption after February 4, 2025, with certain exceptions.
• Imposing Duties on Chinese Products to Combat Opioid Crisis — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14195, imposing a 10% ad valorem tariff on products from the People's Republic of China. This action aims to address the national emergency caused by the influx of synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl, from China. The order expands the scope of a previously declared national emergency and seeks to pressure China into taking decisive action against the production and export of synthetic opioids and related precursor chemicals. The tariffs apply to goods entered for consumption after February 4, 2025, with specific exemptions.
• Imposing Duties on Mexican Imports — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14194, imposing a 25% ad valorem tariff on Mexican imports to address illegal immigration and drug trafficking. The order expands a national emergency declared on January 20, 2025, citing Mexico's failure to curb drug trafficking and illegal migration. The tariffs apply to goods entered for consumption after February 4, 2025, unless exempted by specific conditions. The order allows for further action if Mexico retaliates or fails to cooperate.
• Trump signed executive order imposing 10% tariffs on all Chinese goods to address synthetic opioid supply chain — President Trump signed an executive order on February 1, 2025, declaring a national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and the National Emergencies Act (NEA) to impose a 10 percent ad valorem tariff on all articles that are products of the People's Republic of China, effective February 4, 2025. The order cites the opioid crisis, claiming approximately 200 American deaths per day from synthetic opioids, and asserts that the Chinese government subsidizes chemical companies exporting fentanyl and precursor chemicals. The tariffs are stated to remain in effect until the President determines the PRC has taken adequate steps to address the crisis.
• Trump signed executive order imposing 25 percent tariffs on all Mexican imports effective February 4, 2025, citing national emergency over border migration and drug trafficking. — President Trump signed an executive order on February 1, 2025, declaring a national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and National Emergencies Act, and imposing a 25 percent ad valorem tariff on all articles that are products of Mexico, effective February 4, 2025 at 12:01 a.m. eastern time. The order states the tariffs are conditioned on Mexico's cooperation in arresting drug trafficking organizations, intercepting illicit drugs, and stemming illegal migration. The order authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to modify the Harmonized Tariff Schedule and directs consultation among cabinet officials on whether Mexico has taken adequate steps to warrant tariff removal.
• Trump signed executive order imposing 25% tariffs on Canadian goods and 10% on Canadian energy to address illicit drug flow across northern border — President Trump signed an executive order on February 1, 2025, declaring a national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and National Emergencies Act, citing the flow of illicit drugs (particularly fentanyl) across the northern border and Canada's alleged failure to cooperate. The order imposes a 25% ad valorem tariff on all Canadian products (except energy) and 10% on Canadian energy resources, effective February 4, 2025. The order authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to implement the tariffs and permits the President to increase duties if Canada retaliates.
• White House issues fact sheet announcing tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — The White House issued a fact sheet on February 1, 2025, announcing that President Trump has imposed a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, and a 10% additional tariff on imports from China, with energy resources from Canada subject to a lower 10% rate. The administration frames these tariffs as a response to what it characterizes as a national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, citing illegal immigration and fentanyl trafficking. The fact sheet states the tariffs will remain in effect until the administration determines the crisis is alleviated.
• Imposing Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14193, imposing additional tariffs on Canadian products to address the flow of illicit drugs across the northern border. The order expands a national emergency declaration and imposes a 25% ad valorem tariff on most Canadian goods, with a 10% tariff on energy products. The tariffs aim to pressure Canada into taking stronger action against drug trafficking organizations. The order allows for further tariff increases if Canada retaliates and mandates regular consultations with U.S. officials to assess Canada's compliance.
• Trump imposes tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — Former President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China. The tariffs include a 25% tax on most products from Canada and Mexico, with Canadian energy facing a 10% tariff. China will also face a 10% tariff. The tariffs are set to take effect on Tuesday. This move has sparked criticism from Democratic leaders and concerns about potential retaliatory measures from the affected countries, as well as potential negative impacts on American consumers and global trade.
• Trump signs executive orders imposing tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — President Donald Trump signed three executive orders imposing tariffs of 25% on all goods from Mexico and Canada, and a 10% tariff on Canadian oil exports and imports from China. The tariffs are set to take effect on Tuesday, with a clause to increase them if the targeted countries retaliate. Trump cited the US opioid crisis and illegal immigration as reasons for the tariffs, which are imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The move has sparked backlash from Canada, Mexico, and China, with potential for a trade war.
• Trump announces tariffs causing market disruption — President Trump announced new tariffs, causing market instability and prompting Republican Senators to seek exemptions. Trump later lifted the tariffs for 30 days after reaching agreements with Mexico and Canada. The tariffs were criticized for potentially harming U.S. consumers and trade relations.
• Trump announces tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — President Donald Trump announced the imposition of 25% tariffs on all products from Canada and Mexico, with a 10% tariff on Canadian energy imports, and a 10% tariff on products from China. This marks a significant escalation from his first-term tariffs, which were narrower in scope. The tariffs are part of Trump's strategy to address illegal immigration and drug trafficking, particularly fentanyl, from these countries. The announcement has raised concerns about potential economic disruptions and strained relations with U.S. allies.
• Establishment of a United States Sovereign Wealth Fund — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14196, directing the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce to develop a plan for a United States sovereign wealth fund. The plan aims to promote fiscal sustainability, reduce tax burdens, and enhance economic security and international leadership. The plan must be submitted to the President within 90 days and include recommendations on funding, investment strategies, and governance.
• Executive Order pausing tariffs on Mexican goods — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14198, pausing the implementation of a 25% tariff on Mexican goods until March 4, 2025. This decision follows Mexico's steps to address illegal migration and drug trafficking. The pause allows further assessment of Mexico's actions to alleviate the crisis at the southern border. The order outlines continued evaluation by U.S. officials and potential tariff implementation if conditions worsen.
• Trump issues executive order on southern border — On February 3, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Progress on the Situation At Our Southern Border." The order pauses the implementation of a 25% ad valorem tariff on Mexican goods until March 4, 2025, to assess Mexico's efforts in addressing illegal migration and drug trafficking. The order amends a previous executive order from February 1, 2025, which imposed these tariffs. The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with other officials, will continue to evaluate the situation at the border during this pause.
• Trump issues executive order to establish U.S. Sovereign Wealth Fund — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on February 3, 2025, directing the establishment of a United States Sovereign Wealth Fund. The order mandates the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, to develop a plan for the fund. This plan is to be submitted within 90 days and should include recommendations on funding mechanisms, investment strategies, and governance models. The initiative aims to promote fiscal sustainability, reduce tax burdens, and enhance U.S. economic leadership internationally.
• Trump pauses tariffs on Canadian goods — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on February 3, 2025, pausing the implementation of additional tariffs on Canadian goods. This decision follows Canada's steps to address illegal migration and drug trafficking issues at the northern border. The tariffs, initially set to take effect on February 4, 2025, are now delayed until March 4, 2025, to allow further assessment of Canada's actions. The order mandates continued evaluation by the Secretary of Homeland Security and other officials to determine if the situation improves or if tariffs should be enforced.
• Trump ordered creation of sovereign wealth fund — On February 3, 2025, Trump ordered the US Treasury and Commerce Department to create a sovereign wealth fund operating outside the Federal Reserve and Treasury Department. The fund would require congressional approval and act as an investment vehicle for the country. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the government would "stand this thing up within the next 12 months." Trump suggested the fund could facilitate TikTok purchase but offered few details on funding sources.
• White House issued executive order pausing tariffs on Canada pending border security assessment — The White House issued an executive order on February 3, 2025, pausing 25 percent ad valorem tariffs on Canadian goods and 10 percent tariffs on energy products, originally scheduled to take effect February 4. The order acknowledges steps taken by Canada to address illegal migration and drug trafficking, and extends the pause until March 4, 2025, pending assessment by the Secretary of Homeland Security in consultation with State, Justice, and National Security officials. The order reserves the right to implement tariffs immediately if conditions worsen.
• White House issued presidential action pausing Mexico tariffs pending assessment of border cooperation — The White House issued a presidential action on February 3, 2025, pausing the implementation of a 25 percent ad valorem tariff on Mexican goods scheduled for February 4, 2025, and extending the deadline to March 4, 2025. The order states that Mexico has taken "immediate steps" to address illegal migration and drug trafficking, and directs the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with other officials, to assess whether these steps sufficiently alleviate the crisis. The order reserves the right to implement tariffs immediately if conditions worsen or Mexico fails to take sufficient action.
• Executive Order pausing tariffs on Canadian goods — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14197, pausing additional tariffs on Canadian goods until March 4, 2025. This decision follows Canada's steps to address illegal migration and drug trafficking at the northern border. The order amends a previous executive order, delaying the implementation of tariffs to assess Canada's actions further. The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with other officials, will continue to monitor the situation.
• Canada and Mexico respond to U.S. tariffs — In response to Trump's tariffs, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced retaliatory tariffs of 25% on various American goods, emphasizing the historical partnership between the U.S. and Canada. Mexico's president also rejected U.S. claims of government alliances with criminal organizations and promised retaliatory measures.
• Canada announces retaliatory tariffs against U.S. — In response to Trump's newly imposed tariffs, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced over $100 billion in retaliatory tariffs, including a 25% tariff on various American goods. Trudeau emphasized the historical partnership between the U.S. and Canada and warned that these tariffs would harm jobs and economic stability.
• Trump imposes tariffs on Mexico, Canada, and China — Former President Donald Trump announced the imposition of tariffs of 25% on goods from Mexico and Canada, and 10% on goods from China, breaking existing trade agreements. He justified these tariffs as a means to address undocumented migration and drug trafficking, despite evidence suggesting limited impact on these issues.
• China announced retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. — Former President Donald Trump announced new tariffs of 25% on goods from Mexico and Canada, and 10% on goods from China, breaking existing trade agreements. This action is framed as a response to undocumented migration and drug trafficking, despite evidence suggesting limited impact from Canada.
• US Postal Service halts packages from China and Hong Kong — In response to President Trump's additional 10% tariff on Chinese goods, China has announced retaliatory measures, including a 15% tax on coal and liquefied natural gas, and a 10% tariff on crude oil, agricultural machinery, and large vehicles exported by the U.S. China also initiated an investigation into monopolistic practices by U.S. companies.
• Trump announces tariffs on Canada and Mexico — The US Postal Service temporarily suspended incoming parcels from China and Hong Kong, resuming normal service the following day. This action occurred amid escalating trade tensions between the US and China, with accusations from Beijing of "unreasonable suppression." The suspension was likely related to the elimination of the de minimis duty-free exemption for low-value packages, impacting US consumer orders. The USPS did not provide specific reasons for the suspension. The incident is part of a broader trade conflict involving tariffs and countermeasures between the two nations.
• Trump announces tariffs on imports from Mexico, Canada, and China — President Trump announced tariffs on Canada and Mexico, which were temporarily delayed after those countries increased border security. The threat of tariffs creates uncertainty in trade relations with America's key regional allies. This move is part of Trump's broader strategy to leverage economic pressure in international relations.
• Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in China — President Trump announced a new round of tariffs, including 25% on most products from Mexico and Canada and 10% on products from China, set to begin at 12:01 a.m. on Tuesday. This announcement caused immediate declines in the stock market.
• Amendment to Duties on Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain — President Donald Trump issued an executive order amending duties related to the synthetic opioid supply chain in the People's Republic of China. The order modifies the availability of duty-free de minimis treatment for certain articles, contingent upon the Secretary of Commerce's notification to the President about the adequacy of systems for processing and collecting applicable tariff revenue. This amendment aims to address the flow of synthetic opioids by adjusting trade measures with China.
• White House issued amendment to tariff order on synthetic opioids from China — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14200, amending duties related to the synthetic opioid supply chain in China. The order modifies duty-free treatment for certain articles, contingent on the Secretary of Commerce's notification regarding tariff revenue systems.
• — The White House issued a presidential amendment on February 5, 2025, modifying an executive order from February 1, 2025 that imposed duties on synthetic opioid precursors from China. The amendment replaced subsection (g) of section 2, clarifying that duty-free de minimis treatment remains available for eligible covered articles until the Secretary of Commerce notifies the President that adequate systems are in place to process and collect tariff revenue. The order invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, and section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.

Supporting reports

• Trump administration issues executive order imposing sanctions on ICC officials and affiliates — The Trump administration issued an executive order in February 2025 authorizing comprehensive sanctions against International Criminal Court officials, judges, and individuals and organizations assisting the ICC's investigation into Israeli crimes in Palestine. The order targeted ICC prosecutors, judges, three Palestinian human rights groups, and UN special rapporteur Francesca Albanese, effectively criminalizing collaboration with the court and restricting access to US financial and technology services.
• Executive Order to Eradicate Anti-Christian Bias — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14202, establishing a Task Force within the Department of Justice to eradicate anti-Christian bias. The Task Force, chaired by the Attorney General, includes members from various federal departments and agencies. Its functions include reviewing past anti-Christian policies, recommending remedial actions, and protecting religious liberties. The Task Force will submit reports to the President and is set to terminate in two years unless extended.
• Imposing Sanctions on the International Criminal Court — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14203, imposing sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC). The order blocks property and suspends entry into the U.S. for ICC officials and their families, citing the ICC's investigations into U.S. and Israeli personnel as illegitimate. The order declares a national emergency to address the threat posed by the ICC's actions, which are seen as undermining U.S. sovereignty and national security.
• Trump Imposes Sanctions on International Criminal Court — On February 6, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC). The order blocks property and assets of ICC officials and restricts their entry into the United States. This action is in response to the ICC's investigations and arrest warrants against U.S. and Israeli personnel, which the U.S. government deems illegitimate. The order declares a national emergency to address these actions, citing threats to U.S. national security and foreign policy.
• Trump signed executive order on ICC sanctions — On February 6, 2025, Trump signed an executive order authorizing economic sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC), accusing the body of "improperly targeting" the United States and its allies, including Israel. Trump criticized the ICC for issuing warrants for Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant for alleged war crimes. The order grants Trump broad powers to impose asset freezes and travel bans against ICC staff and family members if the US determines they are involved in investigating or prosecuting US citizens and certain allies.
• Trump signed executive order imposing sanctions on the International Criminal Court — President Trump signed an executive order declaring a national emergency and imposing sanctions on the International Criminal Court, blocking property and assets of ICC officials and suspending their entry into the United States. The order names ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan in an annex and authorizes the Secretary of State and Treasury to identify additional ICC personnel for sanctions. The order asserts that the ICC has engaged in "illegitimate and baseless actions" by investigating U.S. and Israeli personnel and issuing arrest warrants for Israeli officials, and claims this threatens U.S. national security and sovereignty.

Supporting reports

• Trump appointee demands list of FBI agents — Emil Bove, acting deputy attorney general, demanded the names, titles, and offices of all FBI employees who worked on investigations into the January 6 Capitol riot. This request could lead to the dismissal of FBI agents involved in these investigations. The FBI Agents Association criticized the move as being fundamentally at odds with law enforcement objectives and warned it could weaken the bureau's ability to protect national security.
• Trump appointee fires January 6 prosecutors — Emil Bove, acting deputy attorney general under Donald Trump, ordered the firing of about two dozen Justice Department employees involved in the January 6 Capitol riot cases. This action was part of a broader termination of prosecutors on special counsel Jack Smith’s team who investigated Trump. The firings were executed late on a Friday, as per a memo obtained by the Associated Press. This move is seen as part of a pattern of retribution against federal employees involved in investigations related to Trump.
• Trump administration moves to fire FBI agents — The Trump administration is reportedly moving to fire FBI agents involved in investigations related to the president. This action raises concerns about potential interference in law enforcement and the independence of the FBI.
• Dismissal of Federal Prosecutors — The Trump administration fired 25 to 30 federal prosecutors who had worked on cases related to the January 6 Capitol riot. This action was ordered by acting deputy attorney general Emil Bove, further consolidating control over the Justice Department and undermining ongoing investigations into the Capitol attack.
• Purge of FBI Executives — Officials in the Trump administration purged all six top executives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and over 20 heads of FBI field offices, including those involved in cases against Trump. Acting deputy attorney general Emil Bove requested a list of FBI agents who worked on January 6 cases to consider further personnel actions. This action is part of a broader effort to retaliate against those who held Trump accountable.
• Justice Department directive to FBI — The Justice Department issued a directive to the FBI to compile the names of bureau personnel involved in investigating the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol. This directive was followed by the announcement that eight senior executives at the FBI faced termination. The move has reportedly caused fear and anxiety within the FBI ranks, as several high-ranking officials have already been forced out since Trump's inauguration on January 20, 2025.
• Termination of FBI senior executives — The Justice Department informed FBI leadership that eight senior executives at the bureau faced termination. This decision is part of a broader pattern of removals, with at least nine high-ranking officials forced out since Trump's inauguration. The terminations have spread fear and anxiety within the FBI, as they are perceived as targeting officials who investigated the January 6 Capitol attack.
• Trump ordered firing of special counsel prosecutors — Former President Donald Trump personally ordered the firing of more than a dozen prosecutors who worked on criminal cases against him, according to sources. The firings were executed by the acting attorney general, James McHenry, following a directive from the White House presidential personnel office. This move is seen as part of Trump's effort to align the Justice Department with his political agenda, demonstrating a shift towards a unitary executive model where the department is directly answerable to the White House.
• Trump fires federal prosecutors of January 6th insurrectionists — President Trump has fired federal prosecutors who were involved in prosecuting individuals related to the January 6th insurrection. This move raises concerns about a potential broader purge within the Justice Department. The action reflects an effort to retaliate against those who pursued legal action against his supporters involved in the Capitol assault.
• Trump initiates FBI personnel purge — President Donald Trump has initiated a significant purge of FBI personnel, targeting agents and officials involved in investigations that led to criminal charges against him. This includes the firing of David Sundberg, head of the FBI's Washington Field Office, which oversees sensitive national security and counterintelligence cases. The purge could potentially involve hundreds of agents, particularly those who investigated the January 6 Capitol assault. The FBI is attempting to resist, but Trump's position as chief executive suggests he may succeed in this effort.

Supporting reports

• Trump expands Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency — Trump signed an order expanding the power of Elon Musk's so-called "department of government efficiency." The order calls for a "transformation" in federal spending on contracts, grants, and loans by requiring a centralized payment system to be monitored by Musk's team. The order states it "commences a transformation in Federal spending on contracts, grants, and loans to ensure Government spending is transparent and Government employees are accountable to the American public."

Supporting reports

• Stephen Miller directs FBI agent purge targeting Trump investigators — According to a new book by journalists Carol Leonnig and Aaron Davis, Stephen Miller, White House deputy chief of staff, orchestrated the removal of FBI agents who had investigated Donald Trump. Miller pressured Emil Bove, acting deputy attorney general, to obtain lists of agents involved in the January 6 and classified documents investigations, with the explicit goal of firing them to satisfy Trump's desire for revenge. FBI Acting Director Brian Driscoll resisted providing names, citing the bureau's protection of agent anonymity and internal misconduct procedures. On January 31, Bove demanded termination of seven senior leaders and a list of all agents involved in the January 6 investigation by February 4. Multiple executive assistant directors departed, and Driscoll ultimately provided employee ID numbers instead of names.

Supporting reports

• Ross Vought challenges Impound Control Act of 1974 — Trump Budget Director Ross Vought intends to challenge the constitutionality of the Impound Control Act of 1974. The act prevents a president from impounding or refusing to release funds approved by Congress. Repealing it would allow the president to seize funds allocated by Congress, effectively granting a line-item veto on spending bills.

Supporting reports

• DNC intervenes in GOP's ballot challenge case — The Democratic National Committee intervened in the case brought by the RNC and North Carolina GOP, asking a court to block their request to discard thousands of ballots. The DNC cited state and federal laws that protect the votes of eligible voters despite minor registration application issues. This intervention is part of the ongoing legal battle over the 2024 election results in North Carolina.
• RNC and North Carolina GOP join Griffin's ballot challenge — The Republican National Committee, the North Carolina GOP, and the Wake County Republican Party joined Jefferson Griffin's legal challenge, contesting 60,000 ballots in the 2024 election. They argue that the state's voter registration form did not clearly state that providing a driver's license or social security number was mandatory, affecting the validity of these ballots. This legal action is part of a broader effort to contest the election results.
• Trump conditions aid to California on voter ID laws — Former President Donald Trump stated he would not agree to provide federal aid to California unless the state adopted mandatory voter ID laws, which would effectively end mail-in voting. This condition was mentioned during his visit to California to address wildfire relief efforts.
• Trump threatens to withhold wildfire aid from California — President Trump threatened on January 24, 2025, to withhold wildfire aid from California unless the state introduces voter ID requirements and makes changes to water policy. This threat has been criticized as an abuse of federal power and raises concerns about the use of aid as leverage for political gain.

Supporting reports

• America First Policy Directive to the Secretary of State — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14150, directing the Secretary of State to align the Department of State's policies and operations with an "America First" foreign policy. This directive emphasizes prioritizing American interests in foreign policy decisions. The order specifies that it should not affect existing legal authorities or create enforceable rights against the U.S. government.
• Establishment of the Department of Government Efficiency — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14158, establishing the Department of Government Efficiency to modernize federal technology and software. The order renames the United States Digital Service as the United States DOGE Service and creates a temporary organization to advance the President's 18-month DOGE agenda. The initiative aims to improve government-wide software, network infrastructure, and IT systems, promoting interoperability and data integrity.
• Executive Order 14154 Revokes Climate and Energy Regulations — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14154, titled "Unleashing American Energy," which revokes multiple previous executive orders related to climate and energy policies. The order aims to promote energy exploration and production on federal lands, eliminate the electric vehicle mandate, and streamline the permitting process for energy projects. It also disbands the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases and terminates the American Climate Corps.
• Executive Order Designating Cartels as Terrorist Organizations — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14157, designating certain international cartels and organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists. This order aims to address the national security threat posed by these entities, which are involved in violence and illegal activities across the U.S. southern border. The order mandates the Secretary of State, in consultation with other federal officials, to recommend designations under the Immigration and Nationality Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.
• Executive Order Ending DEI Programs — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14151 on January 20, 2025, directing the termination of all federal diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs. The order mandates the Office of Management and Budget, along with other federal agencies, to eliminate DEI-related positions, programs, and policies within 60 days. The order aims to align federal employment practices with a policy of equal dignity and respect, excluding DEI considerations.
• Executive Order on Federal Hiring Reform — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14170 on January 20, 2025, reforming the federal hiring process to emphasize merit and efficiency. The order mandates a Federal Hiring Plan to recruit highly skilled individuals committed to American ideals, while preventing hiring based on race, sex, or religion. It aims to reduce hiring time, improve candidate communication, and integrate modern technology in recruitment. The Office of Personnel Management will establish performance metrics and consult with stakeholders to ensure reform success.
• Executive Order on Free Speech and Censorship — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14149 on January 20, 2025, aimed at restoring freedom of speech and ending federal censorship. The order prohibits federal entities from engaging in activities that abridge free speech and mandates an investigation into past government censorship. The Attorney General is tasked with reporting findings and recommending remedial actions. This order emphasizes the protection of constitutionally protected speech and seeks to correct past misconduct related to censorship.
• Executive Order on Restoring Names That Honor American Greatness — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14172, directing the reinstatement of the name "Mount McKinley" and renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America." The order mandates the Secretary of the Interior to update the Geographic Names Information System and work with relevant entities to implement these changes. The order aims to honor American heritage and contributions by renaming national landmarks.
• Executive Order Restores Accountability in Federal Workforce — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14171, reinstating Executive Order 13957, which creates Schedule F in the excepted service. This order aims to enhance accountability for policy-influencing positions within the federal workforce by allowing easier removal of employees for poor performance or misconduct. It revokes Executive Order 14003, which protected federal workforce rights, and mandates amendments to civil service regulations to align with the reinstated policies.
• Executive Order to Develop Alaska's Resources — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14153 on January 20, 2025, directing federal agencies to maximize the development of Alaska's natural resources. The order mandates rescinding restrictions on resource development, expediting permits, and prioritizing liquefied natural gas projects. It aims to enhance economic and national security by utilizing Alaska's energy, mineral, timber, and seafood resources. The order also calls for reviewing and potentially reversing previous regulations that hinder resource development in Alaska.
• Executive Order to End Federal Weaponization — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14147 on January 20, 2025, directing the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to review past federal enforcement and intelligence activities for misconduct. The order aims to address alleged weaponization of federal agencies against political opponents by the previous administration. Reports with recommendations for remedial actions are to be submitted to the President.
• President Trump rescinds multiple executive orders — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14148, revoking numerous executive orders from the previous administration. These include orders related to racial equity, COVID-19 response, climate change, and immigration policies. The revocations aim to reverse policies deemed harmful and restore what the administration describes as common sense to federal governance. The order mandates agency heads to cease implementation of the revoked orders and requires reviews of related actions for potential rescission or amendment.
• Presidential memorandum issued to resolve security clearance backlog — President issued a memorandum to address the backlog of security clearances for Executive Office of the President personnel. The White House Counsel is directed to grant interim Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information clearances for up to six months to affected personnel, allowing them access to necessary facilities and technology.
• Presidential memorandum mandates return to in-person work — President issued a memorandum directing heads of executive departments and agencies to end remote work arrangements and require employees to return to in-person work at their duty stations. Exemptions may be made as necessary by department and agency heads. The memorandum is to be implemented in accordance with applicable law.
• Presidential Memorandum on Accountability for Senior Executives — President issued a memorandum to enhance accountability among Career Senior Executive Service (SES) officials. The directive mandates the Office of Personnel Management and Office of Management and Budget to issue SES Performance Plans. Agency heads are instructed to reassess and realign SES members, reconstitute Executive Resources Boards, and enforce performance evaluations. The memorandum emphasizes the President's authority to remove SES officials who fail to meet performance standards or violate duties.
• Presidential memorandum on America First Trade Policy — The Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum establishing the America First Trade Policy. This policy directs various departments to investigate trade deficits, unfair trade practices, and currency manipulation. It also mandates reviews of trade agreements, including the USMCA, and assesses economic relations with China. The memorandum aims to enhance national security and benefit American workers and businesses by recommending tariffs and other measures.
• Presidential memorandum on emergency price relief — The Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum directing executive departments and agencies to deliver emergency price relief to American families. The memorandum aims to lower housing costs, reduce healthcare expenses, and eliminate climate policies that increase food and fuel costs. The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy is tasked with reporting on the implementation status within 30 days and every 30 days thereafter.
• Presidential Memorandum on Federal Civic Architecture — President issued a memorandum directing the General Services Administration (GSA) to propose recommendations for ensuring federal buildings reflect civic identity and classical architectural heritage. The GSA must consult with relevant officials and submit recommendations within 60 days. The memorandum emphasizes community input and potential revisions to architectural guidelines.
• Presidential Memorandum on Hiring Freeze — President issued a memorandum ordering a freeze on hiring Federal civilian employees across the executive branch, effective January 20, 2025. The freeze excludes military personnel and positions related to immigration enforcement, national security, or public safety. The Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with other agencies, is tasked with developing a plan to reduce the workforce through efficiency improvements and attrition within 90 days. The memorandum remains in effect for the IRS until further notice.
• Presidential memorandum to redirect water in California — The President issued a memorandum directing the Secretaries of Commerce and the Interior to restart efforts to redirect water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to Southern California. This action aims to address water shortages exacerbated by recent wildfires. The memorandum requires a progress report within 90 days on the implementation of these policies.
• Presidential Proclamation on Flag Display for Inauguration Day — President issued a proclamation mandating that the U.S. flag be flown at full-staff on Inauguration Day at all federal buildings, military posts, and U.S. facilities worldwide. This order applies to all future Inauguration Days, honoring the significance of the event. The flag will return to half-staff after Inauguration Day in memory of former President Carter, as previously directed.
• Regulatory Freeze Pending Review — The Executive Office of the President issued a memorandum ordering a regulatory freeze pending review. This directive requires all executive departments and agencies to halt proposing or issuing new rules until reviewed and approved by a department or agency head appointed by the President. The memorandum also mandates the withdrawal of rules sent to the Office of the Federal Register but not yet published, and considers postponing the effective date of published rules for 60 days for further review. The Office of Management and Budget Director is tasked with overseeing the implementation of this memorandum.
• Trump rescinds 78 Biden-era orders — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump signed an executive order rescinding 78 orders and actions from the Biden administration. This sweeping action was part of Trump's first day in office, aimed at reversing policies related to the cost of living, censorship, and what he described as the "weaponisation of the government against the adversaries of the previous administration." The rescission of these orders marks a significant shift in policy direction.
• Trump signed 92 executive orders in 2025 — In the first 100 days of his presidency in 2025, Donald Trump signed 92 executive orders, marking the highest number of executive orders signed by a president in this timeframe for decades. These orders covered a wide range of policy areas, including civil service, immigration, education, health, taxes, tariffs, aid, and foreign policy. The rapid pace and breadth of these orders indicate a significant shift in U.S. policy under Trump's administration.
• Trump signs executive orders — On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed several executive orders during a public event, including one that withdrew the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement. These orders were characterized as retaliatory actions against perceived wrongs and were met with approval from his supporters.
• America First Policy Directive To The Secretary Of State — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "America First Policy Directive To The Secretary Of State." This directive mandates the Secretary of State to align the Department of State's policies, programs, personnel, and operations with an "America First" foreign policy. The order emphasizes prioritizing American interests in foreign policy decisions. It is one of 26 executive orders issued by Trump on his first day in office during his second term.
• Executive Order Reforming Federal Hiring Process — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order establishing the "Department of Government Efficiency" (DOGE) to modernize federal technology and software, aiming to enhance governmental efficiency and productivity. The order reorganizes the United States Digital Service into the United States DOGE Service, which will operate within the Executive Office of the President. It mandates the creation of DOGE Teams in each federal agency to implement the DOGE agenda, focusing on software modernization and data interoperability. The initiative includes a temporary organization to advance the agenda, set to terminate on July 4, 2026.
• Executive Order: Restoring Names That Honor American Greatness — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order aimed at reforming the federal hiring process to emphasize merit and efficiency. The order mandates the development of a Federal Hiring Plan within 120 days, focusing on recruiting highly skilled individuals committed to American ideals and the Constitution. It prohibits hiring based on race, sex, or religion and seeks to reduce the time-to-hire to under 80 days. The plan also includes modernizing recruitment technology and improving communication with candidates.
• Trump designates cartels as terrorist organizations — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Restoring Names That Honor American Greatness." This order directs the reinstatement of the name "Mount McKinley" for North America's highest peak, reversing a 2015 decision by the Obama administration. It also mandates the renaming of the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America." The order requires the Secretary of the Interior to update the Geographic Names Information System and work with relevant entities to implement these changes. The order aims to honor American historical figures and promote national heritage.
• Trump ends federal DEI programs — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order designating certain international cartels and other organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists. This order aims to address the national security threat posed by these groups, which are involved in activities such as drug trafficking and violence across the U.S. southern border. The order mandates the Secretary of State, in consultation with other federal officials, to recommend designations under the Immigration and Nationality Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The order also declares a national emergency to address these threats.
• Trump issues executive order on federal workforce accountability — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, to terminate all federal programs related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The order directs the Office of Management and Budget, the Attorney General, and the Office of Personnel Management to coordinate the cessation of DEI programs across federal agencies. It mandates the termination of DEI offices, positions, and related initiatives, and requires agencies to report on DEI-related expenditures and positions. The order aims to eliminate what it describes as discriminatory practices and restore a focus on merit-based employment.
• Trump issues executive order on gender ideology — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Restoring Accountability to Policy-Influencing Positions Within the Federal Workforce." This order reinstates and amends Executive Order 13957, originally issued in 2020, which created Schedule F in the excepted service. The order aims to enhance accountability among federal employees in policy-influencing positions by reinstating the prior administration's policy with modifications. It also revokes Executive Order 14003, which protected the federal workforce, and mandates changes to civil service regulations to align with the new order.
• Trump issues executive order to end federal censorship — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism And Restoring Biological Truth To The Federal Government." The order mandates federal agencies to recognize only two biological sexes, male and female, and to enforce sex-based rights and protections accordingly. It directs agencies to revise policies, documents, and communications to reflect this definition and prohibits the use of federal funds to promote gender ideology. The order also rescinds previous executive orders related to gender identity and dissolves the White House Gender Policy Council.
• Trump issues executive order to end federal government weaponization — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship." The order aims to secure the right of Americans to engage in constitutionally protected speech without government interference. It prohibits federal departments and agencies from using resources to abridge free speech and mandates an investigation into past government actions that may have suppressed speech. The Attorney General is tasked with reporting findings and recommending remedial actions.
• Trump Issues Executive Order to Unleash Alaska's Resource Potential — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, aimed at ending the perceived weaponization of the federal government by the previous administration. The order directs the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to review the activities of federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies over the past four years. They are tasked with identifying instances of misconduct and recommending remedial actions. The order emphasizes accountability for actions that allegedly targeted political opponents and were inconsistent with constitutional and legal standards.
• Trump Issues Executive Order to Unleash American Energy — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, aimed at maximizing the development of Alaska's natural resources. The order directs federal agencies to rescind or amend regulations that hinder resource development in Alaska, particularly on federal and state lands. It emphasizes the importance of developing Alaska's liquified natural gas (LNG) potential and includes specific actions for the Department of the Interior and other agencies to facilitate resource extraction and infrastructure development. The order seeks to reverse restrictions from the previous administration and enhance national economic and energy security.
• Trump issues executive order to withdraw from Paris Agreement — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Unleashing American Energy." The order aims to promote energy exploration and production on federal lands and waters, establish the U.S. as a leading producer of non-fuel minerals, and eliminate regulatory barriers to consumer choice in vehicles and appliances. It revokes several previous executive orders related to climate change and environmental regulations, and mandates a review of agency actions that may burden domestic energy development. The order also calls for expedited permitting processes and prioritizes national security in energy policy.
• Trump rescinds multiple executive orders from previous administration — President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Putting America First In International Environmental Agreements," directing the United States to withdraw from the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The order mandates the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations to submit formal notification of withdrawal and cease any financial commitments related to the agreement. The order emphasizes prioritizing American economic interests in international environmental agreements and revokes the U.S. International Climate Finance Plan.
• Trump Withdraws U.S. from World Health Organization — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions," which revoked several executive orders from the previous administration. These included orders related to racial equity, COVID-19 response, climate change, and gender identity discrimination, among others. The order aims to reverse policies deemed by Trump as inflationary, illegal, and radical, and to restore what he describes as common sense to the federal government. The order mandates agency heads to cease implementation of the revoked orders and requires reviews of related actions for further rescission or amendment.
• President Trump signed executive order reinstating Schedule F civil service exemption with amendments — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order to withdraw the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO). The order revokes a previous retraction of the withdrawal notice and halts U.S. funding and personnel support to the WHO. It also mandates the Secretary of State to inform the United Nations and WHO leadership of the withdrawal. The order cites the WHO's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and financial contributions as reasons for the withdrawal.
• Signed Executive Order 14154 revoking climate and environmental protections and redirecting energy policy toward fossil fuel development — President Trump signed an executive order on January 20, 2025, reinstating and amending Executive Order 13957 (Schedule F), which creates a new "Schedule Policy/Career" category in the excepted service for federal employees in policy-influencing positions. The order removes civil service protections and adverse action procedures for these employees, allowing their dismissal without the procedural safeguards that apply to competitive service employees. The order revokes Executive Order 14003 and directs the Office of Personnel Management to rescind regulations protecting civil service merit principles.
• Trump signed executive order rescinding 78 prior executive orders and memoranda from the Biden administration — The White House signed Executive Order 14154 on January 20, 2025, directing federal agencies to review and suspend regulations that burden fossil fuel development, revoke 12 prior executive orders on climate and environmental protection, terminate the American Climate Corps, pause disbursement of Inflation Reduction Act and Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funds, expedite permitting for energy projects, disband the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases, and eliminate the "social cost of carbon" from regulatory decisions. The order directs agencies to eliminate EV subsidies and mandates, streamline NEPA review, and prioritize mineral extraction on federal lands.
• White House issued executive order directing review of federal law enforcement and intelligence activities over prior four years — President Trump signed an executive order on January 20, 2025, rescinding 78 executive orders and presidential memoranda issued between January 20, 2021, and January 14, 2025. The order states the prior administration "embedded deeply unpopular, inflationary, illegal, and radical practices" including DEI initiatives, border policies, and climate regulations. The order directs agency heads to end DEI implementation and instructs the Directors of the Domestic Policy Council and National Economic Council to review remaining actions and recommend additional rescissions within 45 days. The National Security Advisor is directed to review all National Security Memoranda from the prior administration and recommend rescissions within 45 days.
• White House issued executive order redefining sex and gender in federal policy and rescinding prior LGBTQ+ protections — The White House issued an executive order titled "Ending the Weaponization of the Federal Government" on January 20, 2025. The order directs the Attorney General to review enforcement activities across federal departments and agencies over the preceding four years and identify instances of alleged misconduct, and directs the Director of National Intelligence to conduct a parallel review of Intelligence Community activities. Both officials are instructed to submit reports with recommendations for remedial actions. The order asserts the prior administration engaged in "weaponization" of law enforcement and intelligence against political opponents.
• White House issued executive order reforming federal hiring process — The White House issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, establishing federal policy that recognizes only two sexes (male and female) as immutable biological categories and directs all federal agencies to enforce this definition across law, policy, and identification documents. The order directs the Attorney General to reinterpret the Supreme Court's Bostock decision, rescind prior guidance protecting LGBTQ+ individuals, remove gender-identity-affirming materials from federal programs, prohibit federal funding for gender-affirming care in prisons, and enforce sex-based distinctions in detention facilities and shelters. It explicitly rescinds five prior executive orders and dissolves the White House Gender Policy Council.
• White House issued memorandum freezing federal civilian hiring — The White House issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, directing the development of a Federal Hiring Plan within 120 days. The order states that current federal hiring practices are "broken, insular, and outdated" and claims they improperly prioritize factors such as "equity" and "gender identity." The order directs the plan to prioritize recruitment based on commitment to constitutional values and efficiency, prevent hiring based on race, sex, or religion, implement technical assessments, reduce time-to-hire to under 80 days, and improve candidate communication. It also requires specific agency plans for Senior Executive Service positions in named Cabinet agencies and other entities.
• White House issued presidential memorandum directing emergency price relief measures — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, imposing a freeze on hiring of federal civilian employees across the executive branch, effective immediately. The freeze prohibits filling vacant positions as of noon on January 20, 2025, and creating new positions, with exceptions for military personnel, immigration enforcement, national security, public safety roles, and Social Security, Medicare, and Veterans benefits. The Director of OMB, in consultation with OPM and the USDS, must submit a workforce reduction plan within 90 days; upon issuance, the freeze expires government-wide except for the IRS, where it remains until the Treasury Secretary determines lifting it serves the national interest.
• White House issued presidential memorandum imposing regulatory freeze pending review — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing all executive departments and agencies to deliver emergency price relief and increase worker prosperity. The memorandum attributes inflation to Biden-era policies, regulatory burden, and energy restrictions. It orders agencies to lower housing costs, reduce healthcare administrative expenses, eliminate appliance requirements, create employment, and eliminate climate policies affecting food and fuel costs. The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy is directed to report on implementation every 30 days.
• White House issues America First Policy Directive to Secretary of State — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing all executive departments and agencies to halt the proposal or issuance of any rule until reviewed and approved by a department or agency head appointed after noon that day. The order requires withdrawal of rules sent to the Federal Register but not yet published, and directs agencies to postpone for 60 days the effective date of published rules or rules not yet in effect, pending review of factual, legal, and policy questions. The OMB Director may exempt rules addressing emergencies or statutory/judicial deadlines.
• White House issues executive order renaming Mount McKinley and Gulf of Mexico — The White House issued a presidential directive on January 20, 2025, instructing the Secretary of State to align the Department of State's policies, programs, personnel, and operations with an "America First foreign policy" that prioritizes American interests. The order directs the Secretary to issue guidance "as soon as practicable" to implement this reorientation. The directive contains standard boilerplate provisions preserving existing agency authority and requiring consistency with applicable law.
• White House issues memorandum directing GSA to recommend federal architecture policy — The White House issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, directing the restoration of the name "Mount McKinley" to North America's highest peak (renamed Denali in 2015) and renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America." The order directs the Secretary of the Interior to update federal geographic naming systems within 30 days and instructs agency heads to review and potentially replace appointees to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to align with the stated policy of honoring "visionary and patriotic Americans."
• White House issues memorandum requiring federal employees to return to full-time in-person work — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing the Administrator of the General Services Administration to submit recommendations within 60 days on advancing a policy that federal public buildings should be "visually identifiable as civic buildings" and respect "regional, traditional, and classical architectural heritage." The memorandum requires the GSA to consider revisions to the Guiding Principles for Federal Architecture and procedures for community input. It also mandates that the GSA notify the White House at least 30 days before approving any new federal building design that diverges from this policy.
• White House issues presidential memorandum withdrawing all Outer Continental Shelf areas from offshore wind leasing and imposing moratorium on federal wind permitting — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing all executive branch department and agency heads to terminate remote work arrangements and require employees to return to work in-person at their duty stations on a full-time basis. The memorandum permits department and agency heads to make exemptions they deem necessary and states it shall be implemented consistent with applicable law.
• White House signed executive order directing reversal of Alaska resource development restrictions and expedited permitting for energy and mineral projects — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on January 20, 2025, directing the withdrawal of all areas on the Outer Continental Shelf from offshore wind energy leasing, effective January 21, 2025, pending revocation. The memorandum also imposes a temporary cessation of new or renewed federal approvals, permits, leases, and loans for onshore and offshore wind projects pending a comprehensive review. It directs the Secretary of the Interior to place a moratorium on activities under the Lava Ridge Wind Project Record of Decision and to assess environmental and cost impacts of defunct windmills.
• White House signed executive order establishing Department of Government Efficiency — The White House signed an executive order on January 20, 2025, directing federal agencies to rescind, revoke, or amend regulations and policies restricting resource development in Alaska implemented between January 2021 and January 2025. The order mandates expedited permitting for energy, mineral, timber, and seafood development on federal and state lands; prioritizes liquefied natural gas infrastructure; withdraws protections in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; places temporary moratoriums on recent environmental reviews; and directs the Secretary of the Interior to reinstate prior oil and gas leasing decisions and rescind conservation rules in the National Petroleum Reserve and national forests.
• White House signed executive order on free speech and federal censorship — The White House signed an executive order on January 20, 2025, establishing the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) to modernize federal technology and software. The order renames the United States Digital Service as the United States DOGE Service, establishes a USDS Administrator reporting to the White House Chief of Staff, and creates a temporary organization set to terminate July 4, 2026. Each federal agency must establish DOGE Teams of at least four employees within 30 days. The order directs USDS to conduct a Software Modernization Initiative and grants USDS full access to unclassified agency records and IT systems.
• White House signed executive order terminating federal DEI programs and positions — President Trump signed an executive order titled "Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship" on January 20, 2025. The order asserts that the previous administration censored Americans' speech by pressuring social media companies to moderate or deplatform content, and directs all federal departments and agencies to cease any conduct that would "unconstitutionally abridge" free speech. It instructs the Attorney General to investigate federal censorship activities over the prior four years and submit recommendations for remedial action.
• — President Trump signed an executive order directing the termination of all diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and related programs across the federal government. The order instructs the Office of Management and Budget, Attorney General, and Office of Personnel Management to coordinate the elimination of DEI offices, positions, equity action plans, and related mandates within 60 days. Agencies must report on existing DEI expenditures and assess operational impacts. The order states that federal employment practices shall reward "individual initiative, skills, performance, and hard work" and shall not consider DEI factors.

Supporting reports

• Executive Order on Border Security — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14165 on January 20, 2025, directing the deployment of physical barriers and personnel to secure the U.S. southern border. The order mandates the resumption of the Migrant Protection Protocols, adjustments to parole policies, and prioritization of prosecuting border-related offenses. It aims to deter illegal immigration and enhance border security through various measures, including international cooperation and DNA identification requirements.
• National emergency declared at southern border — President Donald J. Trump declared a national emergency at the southern border of the United States, citing threats from cartels, criminal gangs, and illicit narcotics. The proclamation authorizes the use of the Armed Forces to support the Department of Homeland Security in securing the border, including constructing additional physical barriers and deploying personnel. The proclamation revokes a previous termination of the emergency and requires reports on actions taken and conditions at the border.
• President Trump declares a national energy emergency — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14156, declaring a national energy emergency. The order directs federal agencies to use emergency authorities to enhance domestic energy production, transportation, and infrastructure. It aims to address high energy prices and vulnerabilities in energy supply, particularly in the Northeast and West Coast regions. The order invokes the National Emergencies Act and the Defense Production Act to expedite energy-related projects and infrastructure improvements.
• Presidential Proclamation on Border Security — President Donald J. Trump issued a proclamation declaring an ongoing invasion at the southern border of the United States. The proclamation suspends the entry of aliens involved in this invasion and imposes restrictions on their access to immigration provisions. The President directed the Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, to take actions necessary to repel and remove aliens engaged in the invasion.
• Trump declares national border emergency — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order declaring a national emergency at the US-Mexico border. This order allows for the deployment of US troops to the southern border to assist the Department of Homeland Security in controlling immigration. The declaration is part of a series of executive orders aimed at cracking down on immigration and unauthorized border crossings, despite a recent decrease in such crossings. The move has sparked controversy and is expected to face legal challenges.
• Trump declares national emergency at southern border — President Trump signed a national emergency declaration concerning the southern border, framing foreigners as national security threats. This declaration is part of a series of executive orders aimed at restricting immigration and increasing border security. The emergency declaration allows for the use of military resources to enforce border control and aims to achieve "complete operational control" of the border, defined as zero unlawful entries.
• Trump declares national energy emergency — On his first day back in office, Donald Trump declared a national energy emergency, allowing his administration to expedite permits for new fossil fuel infrastructure. This declaration is part of a broader agenda to increase oil and gas production, including lifting restrictions on drilling in Alaska and resuming liquefied natural gas exports. The move is expected to face legal challenges due to questions about the legitimacy of the emergency. The declaration aims to boost national security and job creation by increasing natural resource production.
• Trump declares national energy emergency to bypass environmental permitting rules — On his first day back in office (January 2025), Trump declared a national "energy emergency" to accelerate permitting for oil and gas projects and override environmental regulations. The declaration claimed to address a purported energy crisis, though the U.S. produces more oil and gas than any other nation. Fifteen Democratic state attorneys general sued to halt the declaration, arguing it unlawfully bypassed normal permitting procedures and endangered natural resources and drinking water standards.
• Trump declared emergency at southern border and requested Insurrection Act advice — When Trump declared an emergency at the southern border on January 20, he ordered the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security to advise him whether they thought it necessary to invoke the 1807 Insurrection Act. That act allows a president during times of civil unrest to use the military against U.S. citizens. The article notes that this action, combined with the administration's apparent willingness to deport people without due process, has raised alarm among Americans about the potential invocation of the Insurrection Act.
• Executive Order Clarifying Military's Role in Border Protection — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order clarifying the military's role in protecting the territorial integrity of the United States. The order directs the Secretary of Defense to revise the Unified Command Plan, assigning the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) the mission to secure the borders against unlawful mass migration, narcotics trafficking, and other criminal activities. The order emphasizes the military's role in maintaining national sovereignty and security along the borders, citing a national emergency at the southern border.
• Trump Declares National Energy Emergency — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order declaring a national energy emergency. The order directs federal agencies to utilize emergency authorities to enhance the identification, leasing, production, transportation, refining, and generation of domestic energy resources. It emphasizes the need for a reliable and diversified energy supply to support national security and economic stability. The order also calls for expedited infrastructure projects and emergency regulations to address energy supply issues, particularly in the Northeast and West Coast regions of the United States.
• Trump issues executive order to secure U.S. borders — On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Securing Our Borders." The order mandates the construction of physical barriers and deployment of personnel along the southern border to achieve complete operational control. It also calls for the resumption of the Migrant Protection Protocols, adjustments to parole policies, and increased cooperation with state and local law enforcement. The order aims to deter illegal immigration, prioritize the prosecution of border-related offenses, and enhance international cooperation to secure the border.
• President Trump declared a national energy emergency under the National Emergencies Act — President Trump signed an executive order on January 20, 2025, declaring a national energy emergency. The order directs federal agencies to use all available lawful authorities—including emergency powers under the Defense Production Act and eminent domain—to accelerate energy identification, leasing, production, transportation, refining, and generation on federal lands. It instructs agencies to expedite infrastructure projects, invoke emergency permitting under the Clean Water Act, and apply emergency consultation procedures under the Endangered Species Act to facilitate energy development. The order establishes quarterly convening of the Endangered Species Act Committee to review exemption applications and identify regulatory obstacles to energy infrastructure.
• Trump declares national emergency at southern border and invokes military deployment authority — President Trump issued a proclamation declaring a national emergency at the southern border, invoking the National Emergencies Act and directing the Secretary of Defense to deploy Armed Forces units, including the Ready Reserve and National Guard, to support Department of Homeland Security operations. The proclamation authorizes construction of additional physical barriers, directs waiver of FAA and FCC regulations for unmanned systems within 5 miles of the border, and requires revision of use-of-force policies. It revokes the prior emergency termination proclamation and directs reports within 30 and 90 days, the latter to include recommendations on invoking the Insurrection Act.
• Trump issued proclamation declaring southern border "invasion" and suspending entry of migrants — President Trump signed a proclamation on January 20, 2025, declaring the southern border situation an "invasion" under Article IV, Section 4 of the Constitution. The proclamation suspends physical entry of aliens "engaged in the invasion" across the southern border, restricts their access to asylum provisions (Section 208 of the INA), and directs the Secretary of Homeland Security to "repel, repatriate, or remove" such aliens. The order applies to aliens who fail to provide medical, criminal history, or background information before entry. Trump asserts inherent constitutional authority to take these actions independent of statutory immigration law.
• Trump declared national emergency at southern border — On January 20, 2025, President Trump declared a national emergency at the southern border, allowing federal funds to be used to build a border wall without Congressional approval. This declaration is part of Trump's ongoing efforts to enhance border security and control immigration. The move bypasses legislative oversight and has sparked legal and political challenges.
• Executive Order on Military's Role in Border Protection — On January 20, 2025, Trump signed an executive order declaring an emergency at the southern US border along with several immigration-related policies. Trump stated in his inauguration speech "All illegal entry will immediately be halted, and we will begin the process of returning millions and millions of criminal aliens back to the places from which they came." The declaration paves the way to send US troops to the border and fulfills campaign promises for hardline immigration policies. Immigrant communities have braced for Trump's promised "largest deportation program in American history."
• White House signed executive order assigning military border enforcement mission to USNORTHCOM — President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 14167, clarifying the military's role in protecting U.S. territorial integrity. The order directs the Secretary of Defense to revise the Unified Command Plan, assigning USNORTHCOM the mission to secure borders against unlawful migration and criminal activities. The order emphasizes the military's role in maintaining national sovereignty and security along the southern border.
• Trump declares national emergency at US-Mexico border — The White House signed an executive order on January 20, 2025, directing the Secretary of Defense to revise the Unified Command Plan within 10 days to assign U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) a mission to "seal the borders" and repel what the order characterizes as "forms of invasion" including unlawful mass migration, narcotics trafficking, and human smuggling. The order also directs USNORTHCOM to develop contingency and campaign plans for steady-state southern border security operations.
• Trump plans to declare border emergency — President Donald Trump signed an executive order declaring a national emergency at the southern US border. This action is part of a series of hardline immigration policies, including plans to deploy US troops to the border and initiate mass deportations.
• President Trump signs executive order declaring national emergency at southern border — President Trump declared a national emergency at the US-Mexico border, citing the need to halt illegal entry and return undocumented migrants. This declaration is part of a broader immigration crackdown and includes designating criminal cartels as "foreign terrorist organizations." The move is expected to lead to increased military presence at the border.
• Trump to deploy troops to US-Mexico border — President Donald Trump declared a national energy emergency, allowing his administration to fast-track permits for new fossil fuel infrastructure. This declaration is part of a broader effort to roll back climate policies and promote fossil fuel production. The order is likely to face legal challenges due to its environmental implications.
• Trump sends troops to southern border — Donald Trump plans to declare a national emergency at the US border, using Title 42 to trigger public health emergency powers similar to those used during the Covid pandemic. This declaration aims to prevent migrants from entering or staying in the country. However, this approach faces a significant hurdle as only the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can declare such emergencies.
• Department of Defense orders military personnel to the border — President Trump signed an executive order on January 22, 2025, invoking the National Emergencies Act regarding the southern border. The order directs the Secretary of Defense to deploy additional Armed Forces and National Guard personnel to the border, and instructs the Secretaries of Defense and Homeland Security to complete the border wall and expand air mission flexibility. The fact sheet characterizes the action as a response to what it claims are record illegal immigration encounters and associated harms.
• Trump declares national emergency at the southern border — The Pentagon is preparing to deploy up to 1,500 active-duty troops to the US-Mexico border as part of President Donald Trump's new immigration enforcement strategy. This move is part of a series of executive actions targeting immigration, including the suspension of the refugee resettlement program. The deployment, authorized by acting defense secretary Robert Salesses, will add to the 2,500 army reserve and national guard soldiers already supporting federal law enforcement at the border. The exact role of the troops remains unclear, but the deployment marks a significant militarization of the border.
• Trump deploys military to southern border — The Trump administration deployed 1,000 soldiers and 500 Marines to the southern U.S. border. The Marines were redirected from California, where they were on standby for wildfire threats. This deployment is being treated as a military operation, with troops armed and prepared for engagement. The move comes despite border crossings being at their lowest in over four years.
• — The Department of Defense announced the deployment of 1,500 active-duty military personnel to the southern border, joining an existing contingent of 2,500 troops. This deployment is part of Trump's directive to make homeland security a core mission of the agency, which includes providing support for deportations.
• — President Trump declared a national emergency at the southern border, despite lower border crossings compared to previous years. He directed the Defense Department and Homeland Security to consider invoking the Insurrection Act, which would allow military deployment to suppress domestic unrest. This declaration follows his push to eliminate a bipartisan immigration measure aimed at expediting asylum hearings.
• — Acting Secretary of Defense Robert Salesses announced the deployment of 1,500 active-duty military personnel to the southern border of the United States, joining 2,500 already present. This action follows Trump's declaration of a national emergency at the border and raises concerns about the militarization of domestic issues.

Supporting reports

• Presidential Pardons and Commutations for January 6 Offenses — The President issued a proclamation granting pardons and commuting sentences for individuals convicted of offenses related to the January 6, 2021, Capitol events. The proclamation commutes sentences to time served for specific individuals and grants full pardons to others. The Attorney General is directed to issue certificates of pardon and ensure the release of those currently imprisoned. Pending indictments related to the events are to be dismissed with prejudice.
• Biden commutes life sentence of Leonard Peltier — President Joe Biden commuted the life sentence of Leonard Peltier, an Indigenous activist convicted of the 1975 murder of two FBI agents. Peltier, who is 80 years old and in poor health, will serve the remainder of his sentence in home confinement. The commutation was supported by various groups, including Tribal Nations and human rights organizations, due to Peltier's age, health, and the length of his imprisonment. Peltier has maintained his innocence, and his case has been criticized for prosecutorial misconduct and withheld evidence.
• Biden issues last-minute pardons — Former President Joe Biden issued last-minute pardons to several individuals, including family members, former officials, and members of the January 6 Capitol attack investigative committee. The pardons were intended to protect these individuals from potential retribution by the incoming administration of Donald Trump. Biden emphasized that the pardons should not be seen as an admission of guilt. The move has sparked criticism from both political sides, with concerns about the implications of preemptive pardons and their potential to undermine the rule of law.
• Biden issues pre-emptive pardons to politicians and family members — On the last day of his presidency, Joe Biden issued pre-emptive pardons to several politicians, public servants, and family members. This included figures like Anthony Fauci, Mark Milley, Liz Cheney, and Adam Kinzinger, as well as members of the House committee that investigated the January 6 Capitol attack. Biden's family members, including his brothers and sister, were also pardoned. The pardons were issued to protect these individuals from potential "revenge" prosecutions by the incoming Trump administration.
• Trump issued over 1,600 clemency acts since second term, bypassing standard review process; at least a dozen beneficiaries arrested for subsequent crimes — President Trump has granted clemency to more than 1,600 people since taking office in his second term, most for January 6 Capitol rioters, without following the traditional Justice Department review process. Legal experts note that at least a dozen clemency recipients have been arrested for separate crimes after their release, including individuals convicted of child exploitation, burglary, theft, and assault. Trump reportedly bypassed the Office of the Pardon Attorney review, issuing 1,500 pardons on his first day in office. Experts argue this approach undermines the rule of law and signals to recipients that their original conduct was acceptable.
• Trump issues 1,500 pardons over January 6 attack — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump issued "full, complete and unconditional" presidential pardons for approximately 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack. This action fulfilled a campaign promise made by Trump during his second presidential term. The pardons included individuals convicted of violent acts during the insurrection. Trump also commuted sentences for more than a dozen cases and directed the Department of Justice to dismiss all pending indictments related to the January 6 events. The move has been criticized by democracy advocacy groups as an affront to the rule of law.
• Trump issues mass pardons and commutations for January 6 Capitol attack defendants — On January 20, 2025, President Trump granted "full, complete and unconditional" pardons to approximately 1,500 people charged in connection with the January 6 Capitol attack, including those convicted of violent acts. He also issued sentence-shortening commutations for more than a dozen cases and directed the Department of Justice to dismiss all pending indictments related to the attack. Former Capitol attack prosecutor Greg Rosen resigned and criticized the pardons as sending "a terrible message" that political violence toward political goals is acceptable in a democratic society.
• Trump pardoned January 6 attackers — On January 20, Donald Trump issued unconditional pardons to 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 Capitol attack, including Emily Hernandez. Hernandez had previously served 30 days in federal prison for her role in the attack. The pardons were part of Trump's actions at the start of his second presidency. This clemency has been criticized for potentially encouraging violence in support of Trump, as noted by California Democratic Senator Adam Schiff.
• Trump pardoned January 6 rioters — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump, after retaking the presidency, issued a mass clemency for over 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 Capitol attack, including Matthew Huttle. This act of clemency was criticized by various groups, including the Fraternal Order of Police, who argued that such pardons undermine the rule of law and public safety. The pardons have led to further legal issues for some of the recipients, including Huttle, who was later involved in a fatal encounter with law enforcement.
• Trump pardons January 6 insurrectionists — President Donald Trump issued pardons, commuted sentences, or dismissed cases for over 1,500 individuals charged with crimes related to the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack. This sweeping action included more than 250 people convicted of assault charges, some of whom attacked police officers. The pardons have sparked controversy, with some Republican senators condemning the move, while others have supported it. Police unions expressed disappointment, and the pardons are seen as a loyalty test for the Republican party.
• Trump pardons January 6 rioter Andrew Taake — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump announced and signed pardons for individuals involved in the January 6, 2021, insurrection at the US Capitol. This decision was made during his inauguration ceremony and was part of a broader set of executive actions aimed at reversing Biden-era policies. The pardons were presented as a gesture of support for those Trump referred to as "J6 hostages," conflating them with other hostages held abroad.
• Trump pardons January 6 rioters — Former President Donald Trump issued a pardon for Andrew Taake, a convicted participant in the January 6 Capitol attack, at the start of his second presidency. Taake had been sentenced to prison for assaulting police officers during the insurrection. Despite the pardon, Taake faced unresolved charges related to soliciting a minor, which were filed before the Capitol attack. His release from federal prison was part of a controversial blanket pardon for 1,500 individuals involved in the insurrection.
• Trump signs executive orders pardoning January 6 convicts — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump, upon retaking the presidency, issued blanket pardons or commutations to 1,500 individuals charged or convicted in connection with the January 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol. This decision has faced bipartisan criticism, particularly from law enforcement organizations, for undermining accountability and the rule of law. The pardons were a key campaign promise by Trump during his bid to return to the Oval Office. The Fraternal Order of Police and the International Association of Chiefs of Police have publicly condemned the pardons.
• Trump pardoned Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio and commuted Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes's sentence — On his first day back in office, President Donald Trump signed a series of executive orders, including granting full pardons to approximately 1,500 individuals convicted of charges related to the January 6 Capitol attack. This move was part of a broader set of actions taken by Trump to assert control over the federal government and reshape the executive branch according to his agenda. The pardons were issued during a signing ceremony at the US Capitol, marking a significant and controversial use of presidential power.
• Trump issued pardons and commutations for Capitol insurrection participants — Upon taking office in 2025, Trump pardoned Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio, who had been sentenced to 22 years in prison for his role in the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack intended to overturn the 2020 election results. Trump also commuted the sentence of Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes to time served, releasing him from prison after Rhodes had been sentenced to 18 years for his role in the same attack.
• Trump issued proclamation commuting sentences and pardoning January 6 Capitol riot participants — On his first day as president, Trump issued sweeping pardons and commutations for individuals involved in the January 6, 2021 Capitol insurrection. In the presidential action, Trump characterized the pardons and commutations as ending "a grave national injustice," effectively reversing criminal accountability for participants in the violent attack on the Capitol building that disrupted the peaceful transfer of power.
• Trump pardons Jan. 6 rioters — President Trump issued a proclamation on January 20, 2025, commuting the sentences of 14 individuals convicted of offenses related to the January 6, 2021 Capitol riot to time served, and granting full pardons to all other individuals convicted of offenses related to those events. The proclamation directs the Attorney General to issue certificates of pardon immediately, release all such individuals from prison, and pursue dismissal with prejudice of all pending indictments related to January 6 conduct.
• Approximately 1,500 January 6 defendants pardoned or commuted at start of 2025 term — On January 20, 2025, President Trump pardoned more than 1,200 convicted Jan. 6 rioters, including the leader of the Proud Boys, and commuted the sentence of the leader of the Oath Keepers. He also directed the Justice Department to drop 300 pending cases related to the 2021 insurrection. These actions have been criticized for undermining the rule of law and accountability for the insurrection.
• Trump commuted sentences of Proud Boys and Oathkeepers leaders — The Trump administration pardoned or commuted approximately 1,500 defendants charged or convicted in connection with the January 6, 2021 Capitol attack, including high-profile leaders convicted of seditious conspiracy. The action occurred at the start of the 2025 term and was documented through reporting roundups and case coverage.
• Trump commuted sentences of Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht — Donald Trump commuted the sentences of leaders from the Proud Boys and Oathkeepers, as well as individuals involved in violent acts against police officers during the January 6th Capitol riot. This decision has sparked significant backlash from law enforcement and political figures, who view it as undermining the rule of law and justice for those who attacked officers.
• Trump issued pardons and commutations for January 6 defendants — Donald Trump commuted the two life sentences of Ross Ulbricht, the founder of the Silk Road dark web marketplace. Ulbricht's platform was known for facilitating illegal drug transactions globally. The commutation of his sentence raises concerns about the message it sends regarding cybercrime and drug trafficking.
• Trump issues pardons for January 6 defendants — On January 20, 2025, Trump issued pardons for offenders and commutations related to the January 6 Capitol attack. Trump directed the DOJ to dismiss cases currently in progress. Trump stated he pardoned approximately 1,500 defendants charged in the January 6 attack and issued six commutations. Trump made pardoning January 6 defendants a core campaign promise, featuring prisoners singing the national anthem at rallies. DOJ investigations into January 6 crimes are expected to cease.
• Trump plans mass pardons for January 6 defendants — President Donald Trump issued pardons for approximately 1,500 individuals charged in connection with the January 6 Capitol attack. He also directed the Department of Justice to dismiss ongoing cases. This action fulfills a campaign promise and is expected to halt federal investigations into the events of January 6.
• Trump signs executive orders pardoning January 6 rioters — Donald Trump has promised to begin reviewing cases for pardons of January 6 defendants within the first nine minutes of his presidency. With over 1,580 defendants charged and 1,270 convicted, this could represent one of the largest mass pardons in American history. Many potential recipients have already completed their sentences, making some pardons largely symbolic.
• Trump pardons Enrique Tarrio for January 6 role — Donald Trump, in his second term as US president, signed executive orders granting "full, complete and unconditional" pardons to approximately 1,500 individuals convicted of crimes related to the January 6 attack on Congress. This includes rightwing extremists convicted of seditious conspiracy. The pardons were part of a series of executive actions taken by Trump upon his return to the White House. The move has been criticized as an insult to the justice system and those who defended the Capitol.
• Trump grants full pardon to Andrew Zabavsky for January 6 Capitol riot convictions — Former President Donald Trump issued pardons for individuals involved in the January 6 insurrection. This decision has been met with criticism from law enforcement organizations, including the Fraternal Order of Police and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, who argue that it undermines accountability and could embolden future acts of violence against law enforcement.
• Trump grants full pardon to Terence Sutton for January 6 convictions — Former President Donald Trump pardoned Enrique Tarrio, the leader of the Proud Boys, for his involvement in the January 6 Capitol riot. Tarrio, who was released from prison on January 22, 2025, expressed gratitude to Trump, stating that the pardon "literally gave me my life back." Tarrio's release and pardon have emboldened far-right militia groups, who are now regrouping and planning their next steps. The pardons have sparked concern among law enforcement officers who were involved in the January 6 cases, fearing for their safety.
• Trump issues pardon for DC police officers — President Donald Trump commuted the sentences of or pardoned all individuals convicted of crimes related to the January 6, 2021, Capitol riot. This action was met with mixed reactions, including disapproval from some Republican lawmakers and the D.C. Police Union, which expressed dismay over the pardons. The move signals Trump's intent to support his base while undermining the judicial system's accountability efforts.
• Executive Order on AI Leadership — President Trump issued an executive grant of clemency on January 22, 2025, granting Andrew Zabavsky a full and unconditional pardon for convictions in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Zabavsky was convicted under 18 U.S.C. § 371 (conspiracy) and § 1512 (obstruction), sentenced on September 12, 2024, to 48 months imprisonment on each count (concurrent), 3 years supervised release, and a $200 special assessment. The pardon nullifies the sentence and conviction.
• Trump issued pardons for January 6 participants — President Trump issued an executive grant of clemency on January 22, 2025, granting a full and unconditional pardon to Terence Sutton. Sutton had been convicted in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on charges including violations of D.C. Code § 2103, 18 U.S.C. § 371 (conspiracy), and 18 U.S.C. § 1512 (obstruction of justice). He was sentenced on September 12, 2024, to concurrent sentences totaling 66 months imprisonment, 3 years supervised release, and a $300 special assessment. The pardon erases the conviction and sentence.
• Trump issues pardons for January 6 participants — President Trump issued a "full and unconditional pardon" on January 22, 2025, to two DC police officers involved in the death of 20-year-old Karon Hylton-Brown. This action has sparked controversy and raised concerns about accountability and the message it sends regarding police conduct.
• Trump issues pardons for January 6 rioters — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14179 on January 23, 2025, to remove barriers to American leadership in artificial intelligence (AI). The order revokes existing AI policies that hinder innovation and mandates the development of an action plan to sustain and enhance U.S. global AI dominance. It also requires a review and potential revision of policies inconsistent with this new directive.
• — Former President Donald Trump issued "full, complete and unconditional" pardons for 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 attack on the US Capitol. This move has been met with mixed reactions, with some praising the decision while others, like Pamela Hemphill, have refused to accept the pardon. Hemphill, who was arrested for her involvement in the attack, insists on taking responsibility for her actions and plans to file a letter of rejection for the pardon.
• — Former President Donald Trump issued pardons to over 1,500 individuals involved in the January 6 insurrection, including those convicted of assaulting police officers. The pardons were criticized by federal judges, who described them as based on a "revisionist myth" and incapable of erasing the violence and terror of the event. The pardons have caused division within the Republican Party, with some members supporting the move and others, like Mitch McConnell, condemning it. The pardons were issued as one of Trump's first acts upon taking office.
• — Trump decided to pardon or commute the sentences of all individuals convicted for their involvement in the January 6 riots, including those who attacked police officers. This decision has sparked controversy and concern, particularly from law enforcement groups and victims of the riots. Critics argue that this undermines the rule of law and public safety. Jackson Reffitt, a key witness against his father, expressed fear for his safety now that his father is free.
• — President Donald Trump, in an interview, defended his pardons for January 6 rioters, downplaying the violence against police officers during the Capitol attack. Approximately 600 rioters faced charges related to assaulting law enforcement, with ten convicted of sedition. Trump's actions have drawn criticism from federal judges who emphasize the importance of maintaining the integrity of the judicial process. The pardons have sparked discussions among pardoned rioters about running for office, indicating a potential shift in political dynamics.
• — President Donald Trump issued pardons for nearly two dozen individuals convicted in connection with the January 6 Capitol riot, claiming the violence against police was minor. This action has drawn criticism from federal judges and has implications for ongoing legal proceedings against other defendants. U.S. District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly emphasized that pardons do not alter the historical record of the events of January 6.

Supporting reports

• Executive Order to End Federal Weaponization — President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14147 on January 20, 2025, directing the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to review past federal enforcement and intelligence activities for misconduct. The order aims to address alleged weaponization of federal agencies against political opponents by the previous administration. Reports with recommendations for remedial actions are to be submitted to the President.
• Trump signs executive orders for DOJ investigations — On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump signed two executive orders directing the attorney general to conduct investigations into the Biden administration. These orders aim to address what Trump describes as the "weaponization of the federal government" and "government censorship of speech." The investigations are to be conducted by the Department of Justice, with findings reported to a political appointee at the White House. This move is seen as an effort to use the DOJ's power to pursue Trump's personal grievances against the previous administration.
• Trump issues orders for DOJ and ODNI investigations — President Trump issued two executive orders on January 20, 2025, allowing the Department of Justice and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence to conduct broad investigations into alleged "censorship of free speech" and "weaponization of the federal government" by the Biden administration. These orders are seen as politically motivated and could lead to further polarization and misuse of federal resources.
• Trump removes DOJ officials — On January 21, 2025, President Trump removed and reassigned several top career officials in the Justice Department's national security and criminal divisions. This action is part of a broader effort to reshape the department and has raised concerns about the independence and integrity of the DOJ.
• Trump suggests prosecution of Biden — President Trump suggested on January 22, 2025, that former President Biden could face prosecution, stating, "The funny thing, maybe the sad thing, is he didn’t give himself a pardon." This statement has raised concerns about the potential for politically motivated prosecutions and the erosion of norms regarding the treatment of former presidents.