Trump Action Archive

Supporting reports

• Trump signs executive order targeting sanctuary cities — On April 28, 2025, former President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing the attorney general and the secretary of homeland security to publish a list of state and local jurisdictions that obstruct the enforcement of federal immigration laws, commonly known as "sanctuary cities." The order also calls for identifying federal funds that can be terminated for these jurisdictions. This move is part of Trump's broader immigration policy efforts to penalize sanctuary cities by cutting off federal funding.
• Executive Order: Protecting American Communities from Criminal Aliens — On April 28, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled "Protecting American Communities from Criminal Aliens." The order directs the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security to identify and publish a list of "sanctuary jurisdictions" that obstruct federal immigration law enforcement. It mandates federal agencies to consider suspending or terminating federal funds to these jurisdictions. The order also calls for the development of mechanisms to prevent federal benefits from being provided to aliens in sanctuary jurisdictions and seeks to ensure equal treatment of American citizens over aliens in legal matters.
• Trump Signs Executive Order Targeting Sanctuary Cities — On April 28, 2025, Trump signed an executive order threatening to cut federal funding from sanctuary cities and jurisdictions that "obstruct the enforcement of Federal immigration laws." This order is part of the administration's broader immigration enforcement strategy.
• Trump Requires List of Sanctuary Cities and States — On April 28, 2025, President Trump signed executive orders targeting "sanctuary cities" and strengthening law enforcement against "criminals." The orders call for a list of jurisdictions obstructing federal immigration laws and support for officers facing legal costs from official duties.

Supporting reports

• FBI arrests Wisconsin judge for obstructing immigration officials — On Friday, the FBI arrested Milwaukee County Circuit Judge Hannah Dugan on charges of obstruction after she allegedly helped a man evade US immigration authorities at her courthouse. The arrest took place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and was confirmed by the US Marshals Service. The FBI director accused Judge Dugan of intentionally misdirecting federal agents, allowing the individual, Eduardo Flores Ruiz, to evade arrest temporarily. Dugan was released after a brief court appearance and is scheduled to appear again on May 15. The arrest has sparked significant controversy and criticism from local officials and politicians.
• FBI Arrests Wisconsin Judge Hannah Dugan — The FBI arrested Wisconsin judge Hannah Dugan, accusing her of helping a man evade US immigration officers at her courthouse. The arrest has sparked political controversy, with Republicans calling for her removal and Democrats condemning the arrest as an overreach of executive power. The arrest was part of the Trump administration's broader crackdown on immigration, which has been criticized for undermining judicial independence. The FBI director posted a photo of Dugan in handcuffs, emphasizing that "no one is above the law."

Supporting reports

• Trump administration petitions Supreme Court to reinstate transgender military service ban — The Trump administration, through Solicitor General John Sauer, filed a 39-page brief with the U.S. Supreme Court requesting reinstatement of an executive order banning transgender troops from military service. The petition follows rulings by federal judges in Tacoma, Washington; Washington D.C.; and New Jersey that struck down or blocked the ban as discriminatory. The executive order, signed by Trump and implemented by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth in February 2025, asserts that transgender identity harms military readiness and conflicts with service values. The administration argues the policy serves national security interests.

Supporting reports

• Trump issues memorandum directing attorney general to investigate ActBlue for alleged foreign contributions — President Trump issued a presidential memorandum on Thursday directing the attorney general to investigate ActBlue, the largest Democratic online fundraising platform, for alleged "straw," "dummy," and foreign contributions to U.S. political candidates. The memo targets unsubstantiated claims circulated by right-wing figures and lawmakers. ActBlue's leadership stated the organization anticipated this action and characterized it as part of efforts to weaken Democratic fundraising capacity ahead of midterm elections.
• Trump issued memorandum directing investigation into unlawful straw donor and foreign contributions in American elections — President Trump issued a presidential memorandum directing the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, to investigate allegations of unlawful use of online fundraising platforms to make "straw" or "dummy" contributions or foreign contributions to political candidates and committees. The memorandum cites press reports and congressional investigations alleging that platforms like ActBlue have facilitated schemes to launder excessive and prohibited contributions by breaking down large contributions into smaller ones attributed to other individuals, potentially without their knowledge or consent, and that foreign nationals have misused such platforms. The Attorney General is directed to report findings within 180 days.
• White House issues fact sheet on presidential memorandum directing investigation of straw donor and foreign contributions — The White House published a fact sheet on April 24, 2025, describing a Presidential Memorandum signed by President Trump directing the Attorney General to investigate allegations of unlawful "straw donor" and foreign contributions to U.S. political candidates through online fundraising platforms, particularly ActBlue. The memorandum cites congressional investigations and claims of fraud schemes, including donations from foreign IP addresses during the 2024 election cycle. The fact sheet asserts that ActBlue maintained lax verification standards and that state attorneys general have opened related investigations.
• Trump directed DOJ to investigate ActBlue — President Trump ordered the Department of Justice to investigate ActBlue, the fundraising platform used by Democratic candidates and causes, citing unsubstantiated claims that the platform accepts straw and foreign donations. The order targets Democratic fundraising infrastructure and reflects Trump's repeated assertions, made without evidence, about ActBlue's alleged acceptance of improper contributions.

Supporting reports

• Trump signs executive order reversing probationary-period protections for federal employees, requiring affirmative agency certification to retain workers. — President Trump signed Executive Order 14284 on April 24, 2025, fundamentally restructuring federal civil service probationary and trial periods. The order repeals existing protections under 5 CFR Part 315, Subpart H, and establishes a new Civil Service Rule XI that shifts the burden of proof: employees must now demonstrate why their continued employment serves the public interest, and agencies must affirmatively certify retention within 30 days before the probationary period ends or the employee is automatically terminated. The order takes effect immediately for most provisions, with full implementation 90 days out. Agencies must identify affected employees and designate evaluators within 15 days.
• Trump issued executive order strengthening probationary periods in federal service — President Trump signed an executive order on April 24, 2025, fundamentally restructuring federal employee probationary and trial periods. The order reverses the presumption that probationary employees automatically become tenured; instead, agencies must affirmatively certify within 30 days before the probationary period ends that an employee's continued employment "advances the public interest." The order repeals existing Civil Service Rule 2.4 and establishes new Civil Service Rule XI, shifting the burden of proof to employees to demonstrate why their continuation serves the public interest. Agencies must designate evaluators and conduct performance reviews at least 60 days before probation ends.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14284 reversing probationary-period protections for federal employees — President Trump signed Executive Order 14284 on April 24, 2025, fundamentally restructuring federal probationary and trial periods. The order reverses the presumption that probationary employees become tenured; instead, agencies must affirmatively certify within 30 days before the probationary period ends that an employee's continued employment "advances the public interest," or the employee is automatically terminated. The order repeals existing Civil Service Rule 2.4 and subpart H of 5 CFR 315, replacing them with new Civil Service Rule XI that shifts the burden of proof to the employee and grants agency heads sole discretion in determining whether to finalize appointments based on performance, agency needs, organizational goals, and service efficiency.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order strengthening federal employee probationary periods — The White House published a fact sheet on April 24, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump that modifies civil service rules governing probationary and trial periods for federal employees. The order establishes Civil Service Rule XI, requiring agencies to affirmatively certify that retaining probationary employees after their trial period serves the public interest, rather than allowing automatic tenure. The fact sheet states the order mandates individualized performance reviews at least 60 days before probationary periods end and requires agencies to identify probationary employees and designators within 15 days.
• Trump signed executive order making federal workers easier to fire — On April 24, 2025, Trump signed an executive order making it easier to fire federal workers within their probationary period. These probationary employees already have fewer protections and were earlier targets of the administration. The order stated "The American people deserve a Federal workforce that is high-quality, efficient, dedicated to the public interest, and no larger than necessary."

Supporting reports

• Trump proclaims Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust, 2025 — President Trump issued Proclamation 10922 on April 23, 2025, designating April 20–27, 2025, as Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust. The proclamation honors the six million Jewish victims and other groups persecuted by Nazi Germany, commemorates the 80th anniversary of Auschwitz liberation, and acknowledges recent anti-Semitic incidents in the United States. The proclamation directs federal action against anti-Semitic harassment in schools and colleges, including removal of resident aliens who violate laws, and pledges investigation and punishment of anti-Semitic discrimination in universities.
• Trump proclaims National Park Week and announces National Garden of American Heroes monument — President Trump issued Proclamation 10921 designating April 19–27, 2025, as National Park Week. The proclamation celebrates national parks as sources of inspiration and education, references the restoration of Mount McKinley's name, and announces creation of a National Garden of American Heroes monument honoring 250 American patriots. The proclamation ties park preservation to patriotic education and the White House Task Force on Celebrating America's 250th Birthday.
• Trump proclaims National Volunteer Week, April 20–26, 2025 — President Donald J. Trump issued Proclamation 10923 designating April 20–26, 2025, as National Volunteer Week. The proclamation honors Americans who volunteer their time and talents in service to communities and the nation, celebrating volunteerism as central to American life. It calls upon all Americans to observe the week by volunteering in service projects and pledging to make service part of their daily lives. The proclamation was signed April 23, 2025, and published in the Federal Register on April 28, 2025.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14277 establishing White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education and directing federal agencies to develop K-12 AI curricula, teacher training, apprenticeships, and a Presidential AI Challenge. — President Trump signed Executive Order 14277 on April 23, 2025, establishing a White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The order directs federal agencies to develop public-private partnerships for K-12 AI literacy resources, issue guidance on using federal education grants for AI instruction, create teacher professional development programs, expand AI-related registered apprenticeships, and establish a Presidential Artificial Intelligence Challenge to highlight student and educator achievements. Implementation deadlines range from 90 to 120 days.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14278 directing comprehensive review and expansion of federal workforce development programs and registered apprenticeships. — President Trump signed Executive Order 14278 on April 23, 2025, directing the Secretaries of Labor, Commerce, and Education to review all federal workforce development programs within 90 days and submit a report identifying ineffective programs, consolidation opportunities, and strategies to align training with reindustrialization needs. The order also directs submission of a plan within 120 days to expand Registered Apprenticeships to reach 1 million new active apprentices and improve transparency on program performance outcomes including earnings and employment data.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14280 rescinding equity-based school discipline guidance and directing Education Department to issue new discipline guidance within 30 days. — President Trump signed Executive Order 14280 on April 23, 2025, directing the Secretary of Education to issue new guidance to schools within 30 days regarding school discipline and Title VI compliance, explicitly rejecting what the order characterizes as "discriminatory equity ideology" in discipline policies. The order rescinded 2023 guidance from the prior administration that encouraged schools to analyze racial disparities in discipline data. It also directs the Secretary of Defense to revise military-family school discipline codes within 60 days and requires a comprehensive 120-day report on discipline-related Title VI investigations and non-profit organizations promoting equity-based approaches.
• Trump signs Executive Order 14281 eliminating disparate-impact liability in federal civil rights enforcement — President Trump signed Executive Order 14281 on April 23, 2025, directing federal agencies to eliminate use of disparate-impact liability across all civil rights enforcement contexts. The order revokes prior presidential approvals of Department of Justice Title VI regulations, instructs agencies to deprioritize enforcement of statutes containing disparate-impact standards, and requires the Attorney General and other agency heads to review and modify pending investigations, consent judgments, and regulations within 30–90 days to align with the new policy of merit-based, colorblind administration.
• Trump signs Executive Order 14283 establishing White House Initiative on HBCUs — President Trump signed Executive Order 14283 on April 23, 2025, establishing a White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) housed in the Executive Office of the President and led by a presidentially designated Executive Director. The Initiative will coordinate with federal agencies, private sector, and philanthropic organizations to strengthen HBCU institutional capacity, infrastructure, and student outcomes. The order revokes Executive Order 14041 from September 2021 and directs the EPA to terminate the HBCUs and Minority Serving Institutions Advisory Council within 14 days.
• Trump signs executive order on foreign funding disclosure at American universities — President Trump signed Executive Order 14282 directing the Secretary of Education to robustly enforce Section 117 of the Higher Education Act, requiring universities to disclose foreign funding sources and purposes. The order mandates the Department of Education reverse prior administration actions that permitted secrecy regarding foreign funds, require more detailed disclosure, increase public access to foreign funding information, and hold institutions accountable for non-compliance. Federal funding eligibility is made contingent on certification of compliance with foreign funding disclosure requirements.
• Trump signs executive order reforming higher education accreditation standards — President Trump signed Executive Order 14279 directing the Secretary of Education to reform accreditation standards for colleges and universities, specifically targeting "diversity, equity, and inclusion" (DEI) requirements in accreditation. The order instructs the Secretary and Attorney General to investigate and terminate unlawful discrimination by law schools, medical schools, and graduate medical education programs, and to assess suspending or terminating accreditor status. It mandates new accreditation principles focused on student outcomes, intellectual diversity, and high-value education, while reducing barriers to institutional innovation and streamlining accreditor recognition processes.
• Trump signed executive orders targeting universities on diversity and foreign gifts — On April 23, 2025, Trump signed executive orders targeting universities, addressing foreign gifts and directing federal enforcement of disclosure laws on large donations and college accreditation. Education Secretary Linda McMahon stated the administration would look at "those who have real merit" and examine universities not enforcing merit standards. The orders continue Trump's crackdown on diversity and inclusion efforts in higher education.
• Trump signs executive orders targeting university diversity, accreditation, and foreign gifts — On Wednesday, President Trump signed multiple executive orders directing federal enforcement of foreign gift disclosure laws at universities, empowering the education secretary to hold accreditors accountable through denial or termination of recognition, and investigating alleged "unlawful discrimination" in higher education. The orders frame diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) standards as violations of federal civil rights law. Trump also signed a separate order establishing a White House initiative on historically Black colleges and universities to promote affordability and retention. The administration has simultaneously cut billions in university funding and detained international students in retaliation for activism.
• Trump issued executive order establishing White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education — President Trump signed an executive order on April 23, 2025, establishing a White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education to promote AI literacy among American youth. The order directs federal agencies to develop public-private partnerships for K-12 AI resources, enhance teacher training in AI, establish a Presidential AI Challenge, and expand registered apprenticeships in AI-related occupations. Implementation timelines range from 90 to 120 days for various agency actions.
• Trump issued executive order on skilled trade workforce development — President Trump issued an executive order on April 23, 2025, directing the Secretaries of Labor, Commerce, and Education to review federal workforce development programs within 90 days and submit a comprehensive strategy to align training with reindustrialization needs. The order also mandates a plan within 120 days to expand Registered Apprenticeships to reach 1 million new active apprentices, improve transparency on program outcomes, and identify alternative credentials to four-year degrees aligned with employer skill demands.
• Trump issues executive order establishing White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities — President Trump signed an executive order on April 23, 2025, establishing a White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), housed in the Executive Office of the President and led by a designated Executive Director. The order directs the Initiative to work with federal agencies, private-sector employers, foundations, and educational associations to increase HBCU capacity, strengthen institutional planning and fiscal stability, upgrade infrastructure, and provide professional development opportunities in technology, healthcare, manufacturing, and finance. The order revokes Executive Order 14041 from September 2021 and directs the EPA to terminate the HBCUs and Minority Serving Institutions Advisory Council within 14 days.
• Trump issues executive order reforming higher education accreditation standards and investigating DEI requirements — President Trump issued an executive order on April 23, 2025, directing the Secretary of Education to reform accreditation standards for higher education institutions and hold accreditors accountable for what the order characterizes as unlawful discrimination through diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) requirements. The order instructs the Attorney General and Secretary of Education to investigate and take action against law schools, medical schools, and graduate medical education programs that enforce DEI-based accreditation standards, and authorizes suspension or termination of accreditor recognition. The order also mandates new accreditation principles focused on student outcomes and institutional quality without reference to race, ethnicity, or sex.
• Trump issues executive order requiring transparency on foreign funding to American universities — President Donald Trump issued an executive order on April 23, 2025, directing the Secretary of Education to enforce Section 117 of the Higher Education Act, which requires institutions to disclose foreign funding sources. The order mandates robust enforcement, reversal of prior administration actions that permitted secrecy, more detailed disclosure requirements, public access to foreign funding information, and accountability measures including audits and potential withholding of federal grants for non-compliance. Trump cited a prior study showing universities failed to disclose over half of reportable foreign gifts from 2010–2016.
• Trump issues executive order rescinding equity-based school discipline guidance and directing new federal guidance on race-neutral discipline policies. — President Trump signed an executive order on April 23, 2025, directing the Department of Education and Department of Justice to issue new guidance to schools within 30 days regarding school discipline and Title VI civil rights protections. The order characterizes prior 2014 and 2023 federal guidance on racial disparities in student discipline as "discriminatory equity ideology" and directs agencies to prevent schools from using race-conscious discipline policies. It requires a 120-day report assessing discipline-related Title VI investigations since 2009 and model discipline policies aligned with "American values and traditional virtues."
• Trump issues executive order restricting disparate-impact liability in federal civil rights enforcement — President Trump signed "Restoring Equality of Opportunity and Meritocracy" on April 23, 2025, directing federal agencies to deprioritize enforcement of disparate-impact liability under civil rights statutes including Title VI, Title VII, and the Fair Housing Act. The order revokes prior presidential approvals of DOJ regulations permitting disparate-impact claims, instructs the Attorney General to repeal or amend implementing regulations across all agencies within 30 days, and requires agencies to reassess pending investigations and consent judgments relying on disparate-impact theory within 45–90 days and take "appropriate action" consistent with the order's policy.
• President Trump issued proclamation designating Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust, April 20–27, 2025 — President Trump issued a proclamation on April 23, 2025, designating April 20–27, 2025, as Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust. The proclamation honors the six million Jewish victims and other groups persecuted by the Nazi regime. It references an executive order directing federal action against anti-Semitic harassment in schools and colleges, including removal of resident aliens who violate laws, and commits to investigating anti-Semitic discrimination in universities.
• President Trump issued proclamation designating National Park Week, April 19–27, 2025 — President Trump signed a proclamation on April 23, 2025, designating April 19–27, 2025, as National Park Week. The proclamation celebrates national parks as sources of inspiration, education, and recreation, and references the administration's actions to restore names to parks (including returning Mount McKinley to its former name) and the creation of the National Garden of American Heroes honoring 250 American patriots. The proclamation encourages Americans to learn about the natural and historical heritage of national parks.
• President Trump issued proclamation designating National Volunteer Week, 2025 — The White House issued a proclamation on April 23, 2025, designating April 20–26, 2025, as National Volunteer Week. The proclamation honors volunteers across the country who serve in soup kitchens, shelters, schools, hospitals, and religious organizations. It calls upon all Americans to observe the week by volunteering in service projects and pledging to make service part of their daily lives.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14278 on workforce development and skilled trades training — President Trump signed Executive Order 14278 directing the Secretaries of Labor, Commerce, and Education to review all Federal workforce development programs within 90 days and submit a report identifying opportunities to consolidate, streamline, and redirect fragmented programs toward skilled trades and reindustrialization. The order also directs a 120-day plan to expand Registered Apprenticeships to reach 1 million new active apprentices and mandates improved transparency on program performance outcomes including earnings and employment data.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14279 reforming higher education accreditation standards — President Trump signed Executive Order 14279 on April 23, 2025, directing the Secretary of Education to reform accreditation practices in higher education. The order states that accreditors have "abused their enormous authority" by approving low-quality institutions and imposing "diversity, equity, and inclusion" (DEI) standards. It directs the Secretary to hold accreditors accountable for unlawful discrimination, investigate law schools and medical schools for DEI-based accreditation requirements, and establish new accreditation principles focused on student outcomes without reference to race, ethnicity, or sex. The order also directs resumption of recognition for new accreditors and streamlined processes for institutions to change accreditors.
• Trump signed Executive Order 14281 eliminating disparate-impact liability in federal civil rights enforcement — President Trump signed Executive Order 14281 on April 23, 2025, directing federal agencies to deprioritize enforcement of civil rights statutes and regulations that rely on disparate-impact liability theory. The order revokes prior presidential approvals of Department of Justice Title VI regulations, instructs the Attorney General to repeal or amend implementing regulations across all agencies, and requires agencies to reassess pending civil rights investigations, lawsuits, and consent judgments within 45–90 days to align them with the order's policy. The order states that disparate-impact liability "mandates, rather than proscribes, discrimination" and claims it violates the Constitution and equal protection principles.
• Trump signed executive order eliminating disparate-impact liability in federal enforcement — The White House issued a fact sheet announcing that President Trump signed an executive order eliminating the use of disparate-impact liability across federal agencies. The order directs agencies to deprioritize enforcement of statutes and regulations containing disparate-impact provisions, instructs the Attorney General to repeal or amend Title VI racial nondiscrimination regulations that contemplate disparate-impact liability, and orders review of pending investigations, lawsuits, and consent judgments relying on disparate-impact theory. The fact sheet characterizes the order as restoring "merit-based" opportunity and "equal treatment."
• White House Initiative on HBCUs established by executive order — President Trump signed Executive Order 14283 establishing a White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities, housed in the Executive Office of the President and led by a presidentially designated Executive Director. The Initiative is tasked with increasing private-sector engagement in HBCU institutional development, infrastructure upgrades, workforce preparation, and research funding competitiveness. The order also establishes a President's Board of Advisors on HBCUs in the Department of Education and revokes Executive Order 14041 from September 2021, along with directing termination of the EPA's HBCU and Minority Serving Institutions Advisory Council within 14 days.
• White House issues fact sheet on AI education executive order — The White House published a fact sheet on April 23, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump to advance AI education and workforce development for American youth. The order establishes a White House Task Force on AI Education, chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, to coordinate a Presidential AI Challenge, develop public-private partnerships for K-12 AI education, and direct federal agencies to prioritize AI training in grant programs and workforce initiatives. The fact sheet states the order directs the Secretary of Labor to increase AI apprenticeships and the Secretary of Education to prioritize AI in teacher training grants.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order establishing HBCU Initiative — The White House published a fact sheet on April 23, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump that day establishing a White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), housed in the Executive Office of the President. The order creates a President's Board of Advisors on HBCUs within the Department of Education and directs the Initiative to prioritize private-sector partnerships, workforce preparation in technology, healthcare, manufacturing, and finance, and to address barriers to federal and state grant funding. The fact sheet states the Initiative will convene an annual White House Summit on HBCUs.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order mandating foreign funding disclosure by universities — The White House published a fact sheet on April 23, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump that day. The order directs the Secretary of Education to require universities to disclose foreign funding sources and purposes, reverse prior administration actions that permitted obscuring such details, and work with the Attorney General to enforce compliance through audits and investigations. The fact sheet states that federal grant funds may be revoked for non-compliance and claims the prior administration had weakened oversight of foreign funding in higher education.
• White House issues fact sheet on executive order reforming higher education accreditation — The White House published a fact sheet on April 23, 2025, describing an executive order signed by President Trump that directs the Secretary of Education to overhaul the accreditation system for higher education institutions. The order states it will hold accreditors accountable through denial, monitoring, suspension, or termination of recognition; directs investigation of alleged unlawful discrimination by institutions; and mandates accreditation realignment around student outcomes, intellectual diversity among faculty, and program-level data without reference to race, ethnicity, or sex. The fact sheet claims accreditors have failed to ensure quality and have imposed discriminatory diversity standards.
• White House issues fact sheet on school discipline executive order — The White House published a fact sheet on April 23, 2025, promoting an executive order signed by President Trump on school discipline policies. The order directs new guidance to educational agencies emphasizing compliance with Title VI protections and requiring discipline based on "objective behavior, not DEI." The fact sheet characterizes prior Obama-era guidance as having pressured schools to equalize disciplinary rates by race, and claims the Biden Administration "weaponized" Title VI. The order requires a report analyzing DEI-based discipline and proposing model policies.
• White House issues fact sheet on workforce training executive order — The White House published a fact sheet on April 23, 2025, promoting an executive order signed by President Trump directing the Secretaries of Labor, Education, and Commerce to review and modernize federal workforce programs. The order states it aims to prepare workers for skilled trades and emerging industries, with a stated goal of supporting more than 1 million apprenticeships per year. The fact sheet claims the order addresses a projected shortage of skilled tradespeople and redirects federal workforce investment away from traditional higher education toward apprenticeships and career-technical training.
• White House signed Executive Order 14277 establishing AI education task force and initiatives — The White House signed Executive Order 14277 on April 23, 2025, directing the establishment of a White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The order directs federal agencies to develop public-private partnerships for K-12 AI resources, create a Presidential AI Challenge, enhance educator training in AI, and expand AI-related registered apprenticeships and workforce development programs. Implementation deadlines range from 90 to 120 days.
• White House signed executive order on foreign funding disclosure at universities — President Trump signed Executive Order 14282 directing the Secretary of Education to enforce Section 117 of the Higher Education Act, which requires universities to disclose foreign funding sources. The order states that universities failed to disclose more than half of reportable foreign gifts from 2010–2016, and claims the prior administration undermined investigations. It directs the Secretary to reverse prior actions permitting secrecy, require more detailed disclosure, increase public access to foreign funding information, and hold institutions accountable for non-compliance, including through withholding federal grants.
• White House signed executive order on school discipline policies — President Trump signed an executive order directing the Department of Education and Department of Justice to issue new guidance within 30 days requiring schools to apply discipline policies without regard to racial disparities, characterizing prior guidance as promoting "discriminatory equity ideology." The order directs the Secretary of Education to take enforcement action against schools failing to comply with Title VI, requires coordination with state officials within 60 days, mandates a Department of Defense school discipline code revision within 90 days, and requires a comprehensive report within 120 days assessing discipline-related Title VI investigations since 2009 and recommending model policies.
• Trump rolled back school discipline guidance on racial bias — Trump rolled back guidance on school discipline that addresses racial bias, which was introduced by Barack Obama in 2014. Trump had previously removed the guidance during his first term, but Biden reinstated it in 2023. The rollback eliminates protections against racially disparate discipline in schools.
• Trump signed executive order overhauling college accreditation system — Trump signed a series of executive orders, including an overhaul of the accreditation system for colleges and universities to prevent "unlawful discrimination and ideological overreach" through DEI-related policies and standards. The order targeted diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in higher education.
• Trump signed order eliminating disparate-impact liability — Another executive order sought to eliminate "disparate-impact liability" – the legal theory that policies that appear neutral but disproportionately harm marginalized communities can still be considered discriminatory – from federal civil rights enforcement. The move prompted backlash from advocates.

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• Trump publicly rejects due process requirement for deportations; conservative allies call for ignoring courts and removing judges — Trump stated on Tuesday that he did not believe due process was a requirement before deporting someone, saying judges cannot require trials before deportation. Separately, conservative figures including Sean Davis (CEO of the Federalist) and Mike Davis (Article III Project) posted on X calling for the president to ignore the Supreme Court and suggesting judges should be deported. Steve Deace, a prominent conservative talk-show host, argued Trump was entitled to ignore court orders. These statements represent explicit rejection of judicial authority and rule of law.

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• Secretary of the Interior delegates departmental control to DOGE operative — On April 21, 2025, Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum signed an order (SO-3429) consolidating and unifying administrative functions within the Department of the Interior by assigning control over the department—including its 70,000 employees and entire budget—to the assistant secretary for policy, management, and budget (AS-PMB). The position is currently held by Tyler Hassen, a DOGE operative and CEO of a Houston-based energy company, who holds the role without Senate confirmation as required by the appointments clause of the Constitution.

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• Trump administration announces funding freezes to Brown, Northwestern, Princeton, and Cornell universities — The White House announced funding freezes to multiple universities including Brown, Northwestern, Princeton, and Cornell, as part of a broader campaign to pressure higher education institutions to comply with Trump administration demands regarding curriculum, admissions, hiring, and DEI programs. The specific demands and freeze amounts are not detailed in the article.
• Trump administration circulates draft executive order for radical State Department restructuring — A draft executive order reportedly circulating within the Trump administration proposes a sweeping reorganization of the U.S. State Department, including elimination of the Bureau of African Affairs, Bureau of International Organizations, Office of Global Women's Issues, and special envoy for climate. The order would close unspecified "non-essential" embassies and consulates in sub-Saharan Africa, reduce diplomatic operations in Canada, and reorganize the department into four regional bureaus. State Department officials disputed the authenticity of the leaked document, with Secretary of State Marco Rubio calling it "fake news," though the New York Times and Bloomberg reported on the draft.
• Trump administration cuts federal funding to Harvard University and demands policy changes — The Trump administration cut approximately $2.3 billion in federal funding to Harvard University after the institution refused to concede to administration demands. Trump also called for Harvard's tax-exempt status to be revoked. The administration deployed an "antisemitism taskforce" to demand policy changes at universities nationwide. Columbia University capitulated to similar demands, agreeing to restore $400 million in federal funding in exchange for measures including banning face masks, empowering security to arrest people, and placing control of its Middle Eastern department under new oversight.
• Trump administration freezes $2.2bn in Harvard grants and demands government control over admissions, hiring, and curriculum — The Trump administration announced a freeze of $2.2 billion in grants and $60 million in multi-year contract value to Harvard University after President Alan Garber refused demands that would grant the government authority to audit the student body, faculty, and leadership for "viewpoint diversity" and to shut down all diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs. Garber stated the demands violated the university's independence and constitutional rights. The administration framed the action as addressing antisemitism and civil rights violations, though critics view it as authoritarian overreach targeting higher education as an independent sector.

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• Trump administration targets major U.S. law firms with executive orders, prompting capitulation and pledges of pro bono work — The Trump administration issued executive orders targeting major U.S. law firms, prompting many to capitulate and pledge hundreds of millions of dollars in pro bono work to causes backed by the Trump administration. The article frames this as part of a broader authoritarian strategy to intimidate and control independent civic institutions beyond universities.

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• Defense and Homeland Security secretaries to report on Insurrection Act invocation — By April 20, the secretaries of defense and homeland security are required to report to the president on whether he should invoke the 1807 Insurrection Act to enable the use of the military to aid in mass deportations. The Insurrection Act allows the president to deploy the military domestically in response to insurrection, rebellion, or invasion. The administration's consideration of invoking this statute for immigration enforcement represents an extraordinary expansion of executive power and a potential violation of the Posse Comitatus Act.
• Hegseth and Noem ordered to report on Insurrection Act recommendation; deadline April 21 — Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem were ordered to report to the president by April 21 whether they recommended invoking the Insurrection Act to deal with conditions at the southern border. The Insurrection Act enables the president to use military troops as law enforcement officers inside the United States. According to CNN reporting on Friday, April 18, when the two officials file their report, they will not recommend invoking the act.

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• Trump studies firing Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell to force interest rate cuts — President Trump instructed his economic advisors to study whether he has the legal authority to fire Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, citing frustration that Powell has not cut interest rates fast enough. Trump publicly stated "If I ask him to, he'll be out of there," rejecting the notion of Federal Reserve independence. Powell had indicated the Fed would wait for clarity on inflation before adjusting policy, disappointing Trump's hopes for rate cuts to counter stock market losses from tariff announcements.

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• Trump issues executive order requiring documentary proof of citizenship to vote — President Trump issued an executive order calling for documentary proof of citizenship as a requirement for voting. This federal directive aligns with and amplifies state-level Republican efforts to restrict voting access based on unsubstantiated claims of noncitizen voting.

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• Trump condemns Fed chair Powell and claims he would resign if asked — President Trump posted on Truth Social condemning Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell as "always too late and wrong" on interest rates, stating "Powell's termination cannot come fast enough." Trump later told reporters that Powell would resign if asked, contradicting Powell's own public statements that he would not resign if requested by the president. Trump has been pressuring Powell to cut rates despite the Fed's independence from executive influence.
• Trump attacked Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on social media, calling for his termination — President Trump posted on his social media platform that Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell is "always TOO LATE AND WRONG" and wrote "Powell's termination cannot come fast enough!" The attack followed Powell's public warning that Trump's tariffs would produce "significantly larger than anticipated" economic effects, including higher inflation and slower growth, and Powell's statement that the Fed would not immediately cut interest rates. The White House later told reporters Trump's post "should not be seen as a threat to fire Powell."

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• Trump reversed decision to comply with Supreme Court order to return Abrego Garcia — After initially stating he would respect the Supreme Court's unanimous decision ordering the Trump administration to facilitate Kilmar Abrego Garcia's return to the U.S., Trump reversed course and declared that his administration does not have the power to return Garcia. This reversal occurred during a meeting with El Salvador President Nayib Bukele in the Oval Office.

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• Trump administration plotting with El Salvador president to detain people in foreign concentration camps without due process — At a White House meeting, the Attorney General, Vice President, and Secretary of State responded with apparent amusement to Trump's plan to coordinate with El Salvador's president to send detainees—including American citizens—to concentration camps abroad without due process. The President was simultaneously defying a unanimous Supreme Court order on the matter. Timothy Snyder characterized the development as "the beginning of an American policy of state terror."

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• Trump meets with El Salvador President Bukele; signals defiance of Supreme Court — On April 14, Trump held a staged meeting with El Salvador President Nayib Bukele in the Oval Office. Trump made clear he would ignore the Supreme Court's unanimous order requiring the administration to facilitate Abrego Garcia's return. The administration maintained it has no power to order Bukele to release Abrego Garcia, and Bukele stated he would not release the Maryland man. Vice President J.D. Vance, Attorney General Pam Bondi, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, and deputy White House chief of staff Stephen Miller were present.
• Trump and Bukele announced defiance of Supreme Court order to return Kilmar Abrego Garcia — President Trump met with El Salvador president Nayib Bukele in the Oval Office, where they jointly announced they would not comply with a U.S. Supreme Court ruling requiring the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia, a U.S. resident illegally detained in El Salvador. During the meeting, Trump told Bukele "We want to do homegrown criminals next" and discussed building additional detention facilities. The administration later filed a declaration to the court falsely claiming the Supreme Court had ruled 9–0 in their favor, when the Court had actually ruled against them on the merits while cautioning about presidential foreign-affairs power.

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• Trump proposes deporting US citizens to El Salvador; AG Bondi declines to confirm legality — On Monday, President Trump proposed deporting US citizens convicted of serious crimes to El Salvador for imprisonment, citing violent offenders. During a Tuesday Fox News interview, Attorney General Pam Bondi declined to affirm the proposal's legality, instead emphasizing crime reduction and incapacitation. White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt characterized it as a "legal question" under review. Legal experts, including immigration law professors, stated the proposal is clearly illegal and unconstitutional under US law.
• White House press secretary defends potential deportation of U.S. citizens — White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt stated that "The president's idea for American citizens to potentially be deported, these would be heinous violent criminals who have broken our nation's laws repeatedly." The article notes that days earlier, Trump suggested that a former government employee was guilty of treason for writing a book about his time in the first Trump administration that Trump claimed was "designed to sow chaos and distrust" in the government, illustrating the administration's expansive definition of criminal conduct.
• Trump told Bukele he wants to go after "home-growns" next, suggesting sending US citizens to El Salvador — Before the press pool entered the Oval Office for the meeting with Bukele, Trump was heard on a government live stream telling Bukele he wants to go after the "home-growns" next, suggesting he would send US citizens to El Salvador. Speaking to reporters, Trump said he has no problem sending naturalized American citizens there.
• Trump stated intent to deport "homegrown criminals" including those who "push people into subways" — Trump told press he wants to expand deportation authority to include what he termed "homegrown criminals" who commit violent acts such as pushing people into subways. He stated he had instructed Attorney General Pam Bondi to explore legal mechanisms for this expansion, saying "we always have to obey the laws, but we also have homegrown criminals that push people into subways. I'd like to include them in the group of people to get them out of the country."
• Trump stated intention to send U.S. citizens to El Salvador for imprisonment — During a meeting with El Salvador President Nayib Bukele in the Oval Office, Trump stated his intention to begin sending U.S. citizens to El Salvador for imprisonment, as documented in video clips from the meeting.
• Trump reiterated he would "love" to send US citizens to El Salvador mega-prison — Trump reiterated that he "would love" to send US citizens to El Salvador's mega-prison. The statement represents continued expression of intent to deport US citizens.
• White House press secretary said sending US citizens to El Salvador is "a legal question" — During a press briefing, White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said the prospect of sending US citizens to El Salvador is "a legal question that the president is looking into." The statement suggests the administration is seriously considering deporting US citizens.

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• Trump told Salvadorian autocrat Bukele he wants him to build more hard-labor torture prisons to send American citizens there — Trump told Salvadorian President Nayib Bukele in the Oval Office that he wants El Salvador to build approximately five more hard-labor prisons to incarcerate American citizens. The statement was captured on a hot microphone from the Salvadorian government's livestream. Trump stated: "Home-growns are next. The home-growns. You gotta build about 5 more places. It's not big enough." This followed Trump's public statement to press that he wants to include "homegrown criminals" in deportation efforts.

Supporting reports

• Erik Prince pitches plan to expand renditions to El Salvador — According to reporting by Dasha Burns and Myah Ward of Politico on April 11, 2025, former Blackwater CEO Erik Prince is pitching a plan to expand renditions to El Salvador to include at least 100,000 criminal offenders from U.S. prisons. To avoid legal challenges, Prince's plan proposes making part of CECOT American territory and then leasing it back to El Salvador to operate, thereby potentially circumventing U.S. constitutional protections and judicial oversight.

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• Government argues foreign affairs deference shields it from court orders — On April 13, 2025, administration lawyers argued that because Kilmar Abrego Garcia is now outside the country, any attempt to retrieve him would intrude on the president's power to conduct foreign affairs. They contended that the president can only be ordered to remove domestic obstacles to Abrego Garcia's return, not to take affirmative steps to retrieve him. They further argued that because El Salvador's President Nayib Bukele is currently visiting the United States, they should not be required to share updates about Abrego Garcia or answer court questions, as doing so would intrude on "sensitive" foreign policy issues.
• Administration claims foreign affairs immunity in Abrego Garcia case — In a court hearing, administration lawyers argued that any attempt to return Kilmar Abrego Garcia from El Salvador would intrude on the president's power to conduct foreign affairs. They suggested that the president is only required to remove domestic obstacles to his return, citing ongoing diplomatic relations with El Salvador.

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• Trump authorizes military control of federal land at US-Mexico border — President Trump issued a memorandum on Friday authorizing the US military to take direct control of federal lands at the US-Mexico border, including the Roosevelt Reservation (a 60-foot strip spanning California, Arizona, and New Mexico). The order grants the Department of Defense jurisdiction to conduct border-barrier construction, deploy detection equipment, and detain immigrants accused of trespassing on federal land pending transfer to immigration agents. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth will assess the initial phase after 45 days and may extend the scope at any time.

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• Trump signs memorandum for military mission at the southern border — President Trump signed a memorandum directing the secretaries of defense, interior, agriculture, and homeland security to create a military buffer zone along the southern border. This would allow active-duty soldiers to detain migrants until ICE agents arrive.
• Trump signed memorandum creating military buffer zone along southern border — President Trump signed a memorandum to the secretaries of defense, interior, agriculture, and homeland security calling for a "Military Mission for Sealing the Southern Border of the United States and Repelling Invasions." The memorandum creates a military buffer zone along the border so that any migrant crossing would be trespassing on a U.S. military base, allowing active-duty soldiers to hold migrants until ICE agents take them. By April 20, the secretaries of defense and homeland security are supposed to report whether the president should invoke the 1807 Insurrection Act to enable use of the military in mass deportations.
• White House issues National Security Presidential Memorandum directing military deployment to southern border — The White House issued National Security Presidential Memorandum-4 (NSPM-4) on April 11, 2025, directing the Secretaries of Defense, Interior, Agriculture, and Homeland Security to enable military operations along the southern border. The memorandum authorizes the Department of Defense to assume jurisdiction over federal lands (excluding Indian reservations), construct border barriers, and deploy detection equipment. It invokes emergency authorities under 43 U.S.C. 155 to withdraw public lands without standard limitations. The Secretary of Defense is empowered to determine necessary military activities and establish rules of engagement; implementation begins on a limited sector with a 45-day assessment period.

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• Trump orders DOJ to investigate Chris Krebs for election security statements — President Trump signed a presidential memorandum on April 9, 2025, ordering the Department of Justice to investigate Chris Krebs, former director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Krebs coordinated efforts to secure the 2020 presidential election and publicly countered false claims of voter fraud. Trump accused Krebs of weaponizing his position against free speech and stripped him of his security clearance. Trump repeated debunked claims of a "badly rigged election" and suggested Krebs would "have a big price to pay" if the election was found to be unsafe.
• Trump orders DOJ to investigate Miles Taylor for alleged classified leaks and defiance — President Trump signed a presidential memorandum on April 9, 2025, ordering the Department of Justice to investigate Miles Taylor, a former Department of Homeland Security official who served as chief of staff to Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen. Taylor, who wrote an anonymous 2018 New York Times op-ed criticizing Trump and later published a book under the pseudonym "Anonymous," was accused of leaking classified information. Trump stripped Taylor of his security clearance and stated he believed Taylor was guilty of treason. Taylor responded that Trump had proven his point by weaponizing the justice department for revenge against dissent.
• Trump stripped security clearances from Christopher Krebs and Miles Taylor — On April 9, Trump revoked security clearances from Christopher Krebs, former head of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and Miles Taylor, a former Department of Homeland Security staffer. Trump claimed Krebs censored Trump loyalists by affirming the 2020 election was not stolen, and that Taylor's anonymous op-ed and book were treasonous and violated the Espionage Act. Trump also ordered government officials to investigate both men and recommend "appropriate remedial or preventative actions." CISA employees reported the attack on Krebs had disheartened staff and compounded staffing cuts that had "already severely degraded our capacity to defend critical infrastructure."
• White House issued fact sheet on presidential memorandum revoking Chris Krebs' security clearance — The White House published a fact sheet on April 9, 2025, describing a Presidential Memorandum signed by President Trump that revokes any active security clearance held by Chris Krebs and associates, including individuals at SentinelOne. The memorandum directs federal agencies to immediately revoke such clearances and calls for a comprehensive review of Krebs' activities as former head of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), including evaluation of CISA's conduct over six years. The fact sheet characterizes Krebs as having "weaponized" government authority to suppress conservative viewpoints, coerce social media platforms, and censor election information.
• White House issued memorandum directing revocation of Christopher Krebs' security clearance and review of CISA activities — The White House issued a presidential memorandum on April 9, 2025, directing executive agencies to revoke the security clearance of Christopher Krebs, former head of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). The memorandum alleges that Krebs engaged in censorship of speech related to the 2020 election and COVID-19, and directed coercion of social media platforms. It further directs the Attorney General and Secretary of Homeland Security to review Krebs' conduct as a federal employee and CISA's activities over the preceding six years, with a joint report to follow.
• Immigration judge rules Palestinian organizer Mahmoud Khalil eligible for deportation based on Secretary of State memo regarding his political views — An immigration judge in Louisiana ruled that Mahmoud Khalil, a Columbia University graduate and Palestinian organizer, is eligible for deportation. The ruling accepted a memo from Secretary of State Marco Rubio stating that Khalil's "beliefs, statements or associations" are counter to U.S. foreign policy interests as sufficient evidence for removal of a lawful permanent resident. The judge determined she had no authority to rule on free speech concerns. Khalil, arrested by ICE in March, has been detained in Louisiana for over a month. His legal team plans to appeal and pursue an asylum case.

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• Trump administration issues executive orders targeting law firms over representation of Trump opponents and prosecutors — The Trump administration issued executive orders against corporate law firms that either represented attorneys involved in prosecution efforts against Trump during the Biden presidency or represented the current administration's political opponents. Obama characterized this as an unprecedented use of executive power to punish legal representation based on political alignment.
• Law firms reach deals with Trump administration to avoid executive orders — Multiple prominent law firms—Willkie, Farr and Gallagher; Milbank LLP; and Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom—capitulated to Trump's executive orders by reaching deals with the White House. In exchange for avoiding the orders, the firms agreed to perform pro bono work for causes aligned with Trump and to decline race-based hiring practices. This capitulation drew criticism from law firm alumni and Senator Bernie Sanders, who characterized it as "absolute cowardice" and a betrayal of professional independence.
• Trump administration issues executive orders targeting law firms representing political rivals — President Trump issued executive orders targeting law firms that had represented his political rivals. The orders sought to revoke security clearances, ban attorneys from accessing federal buildings, and require firms doing business with the government to disclose existing client relationships. The orders threatened to cripple targeted firms. Some firms capitulated and reached deals with the White House; others, including Perkins Coie, Jenner & Block, and WilmerHale, challenged the orders in court and secured injunctions or mandates blocking most of the measures.
• Trump executive orders target law firms for retribution; judges block orders on First Amendment and due process grounds — Trump issued executive orders targeting law firms Perkins Coie, Jenner & Block, and WilmerHale, seeking to revoke security clearances and curtail their government business. The orders targeted firms whose lawyers led a special counsel inquiry into Russian interference in the 2016 election. Three Washington DC judges in March blocked these orders. Judge John Bates called Trump's move "disturbing" and "troubling," noting it violated the firms' and lawyers' First Amendment and due process rights. Judge Beryl Howell temporarily blocked sanctions against Perkins Coie.
• Trump signs executive order targeting Susman Godfrey law firm — President Trump signed an executive order on April 9, 2025, targeting Susman Godfrey, the law firm that represented Dominion Voting Systems in its $787.5 million defamation settlement against Fox News over 2020 election falsehoods. The order restricts the firm's attorneys from accessing government buildings, revokes security clearances, and bars the firm from representing clients with federal business. Trump stated "there were some very bad things that happened with these law firms" without clarifying his rationale. Susman Godfrey announced it would challenge the order as unconstitutional.
• Trump issued executive order targeting law firm Susman Godfrey, suspending security clearances and restricting federal contracts — President Trump issued an executive order on April 9, 2025, directing federal agencies to suspend security clearances held by Susman Godfrey LLP employees, cease provision of government materials and services to the firm, review and terminate federal contracts involving the firm, and restrict official access and hiring of Susman employees. The order alleges the firm engages in activities undermining U.S. interests, including weaponizing the legal system, funding groups that undermine military effectiveness, and administering race-based employment programs.
• White House signed Executive Order 14263 targeting law firm Susman Godfrey with security clearance suspensions, contract terminations, and personnel restrictions. — The White House issued Executive Order 14263 on April 9, 2025, directing federal agencies to suspend security clearances held by Susman Godfrey LLP employees, terminate government contracts with the firm, require contractors to disclose business relationships with Susman, restrict employee access to federal buildings, and limit hiring of Susman staff. The order characterizes the firm as engaging in "weaponization" of the legal system, undermining military effectiveness, and racial discrimination. Agencies must submit assessments of affected contracts within 30 days.
• Trump executive order targeted law firm representing Dominion — Another executive order targets a law firm that represented Dominion Voting Systems Inc. in a lawsuit against Fox Corp. that resulted in the media company agreeing to pay a $787.5 million settlement. The firm is also involved in a defamation case against Trump supporter and MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell.