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Mar 18, 2026 Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard faced Senate questioning over whether President Trump was warned about the consequences of striking Iran Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The hearing tested whether intelligence oversight could clarify executive decision-making in war and expose gaps between warnings and action.
Supporting reports
- Senate Hearing with Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard — During a Senate hearing, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard faced scrutiny over whether President Trump was briefed on the potential consequences of military actions against Iran.
- Senate Intelligence Committee Hearing on Worldwide Threats — On March 18, 2026, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard, FBI Director Kash Patel, and CIA Director John Ratcliffe testified under oath before the Senate Intelligence Committee regarding worldwide threats
Mar 14, 2026 President Trump ordered the bombardment of Iran without congressional authorization Corroborated Power and Authority
The strike concentrated war-making power in the presidency and weakened the constitutional role of Congress in authorizing major military action.
Supporting reports
- Trump Orders Bombardment of Iran — President Donald Trump ordered a bombardment of Iran, marking a significant escalation in tensions between the two countries.
Mar 11, 2026 Congress was reported to have voted along party lines to continue the Iran war without new authorization Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The votes reflected continued institutional deference to executive war-making rather than a reassertion of congressional authority.
Supporting reports
- Congress votes to continue unauthorized war — Congress recently voted along party lines to continue a war without proper authorization.
Mar 7, 2026 House Republicans voted down a war powers measure on Iran Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The vote left continued military action in Iran less constrained by Congress, weakening legislative checks on presidential war-making.
Supporting reports
- House Republicans vote down war powers measure — Following the Senate's lead, House Republicans voted down a similar war powers measure that would have required congressional approval for continued U.S.
Mar 7, 2026 Senate Republicans blocked a war powers resolution on Iran Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The Senate action preserved the president's ability to continue hostilities without new congressional approval, reducing oversight of war powers.
Supporting reports
- Senate Republicans block war powers resolution — Senate Republicans blocked a Democratic-backed war powers resolution that would have required the U.S.
Mar 5, 2026 The House of Representatives rejected a war powers resolution to end hostilities with Iran Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The failed vote left the executive with broad room to continue military action, showing legislative reluctance to enforce its own war powers.
Supporting reports
- US House rejects war powers resolution to end hostilities with Iran — The US House of Representatives voted against a war powers resolution that aimed to end hostilities with Iran, with a vote of 212-219.
- U.S. Administration Conflicted on War Status with Iran — There is confusion within the U.S.
Mar 4, 2026 The Senate voted down a resolution requiring approval for continued war with Iran Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The failed vote showed Congress declining to reclaim war authority, leaving executive military action with fewer practical checks.
Supporting reports
- Senate votes down resolution to prevent Trump from continuing war with Iran — On March 4, 2026, the U.S.
Feb 28, 2026 President Trump announced and defended major combat operations against Iran without congressional authorization Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The president used war powers unilaterally, shifting core decisions on force away from Congress and weakening democratic checks on military action.
Supporting reports
- Trump Announces Military Action Against Iran — On February 27, 2026, former President Donald Trump released a video on his social media platform, Truth Social, announcing a military operation against Iran.
- Trump announces military operations in Iran — Following the military strikes on Iran, President Trump posted an 8-minute video on social media announcing the commencement of major combat operations.
- Trump expresses desire for regime change in Iran — In a phone call with reporters, President Trump stated that his primary goal in the military action against Iran is regime change, emphasizing his desire for freedom for the Iranian people.
Feb 21, 2026 President Trump imposed new global tariffs under Section 122 and then said the rate would rise from 10% to 15% Corroborated Economic Structure
The move used unilateral trade power to reshape prices and commerce after a court loss, increasing economic uncertainty and testing statutory limits.
Supporting reports
- Trump Announces New Global Tariffs — Following the Supreme Court's ruling against his previous tariffs, former President Donald Trump announced new global tariffs, initially set at 10% and later increased to 15% within 24 hours.
- Trump Signs Global 10% Tariff — On February 20, 2026, President Donald Trump signed an order imposing a 10% tariff on all countries, effective February 24, 2026.
- Trump announces new global tariffs following Supreme Court decision — In response to the Supreme Court's ruling against his tariffs, President Trump announced he would impose a new global 10% tariff on all countries, effective almost immediately.
Feb 21, 2026 The Supreme Court ruled that President Trump's IEEPA tariff regime was unlawful Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling reaffirmed that Congress, not the president alone, controls tariff power and imposed a direct judicial check on executive overreach.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court rules Trump's tariffs unconstitutional — The U.S.
- Supreme Court Strikes Down Trump's Tariff Regime — The Supreme Court ruled against President Trump's tariff regime, declaring it unlawful.
- Supreme Court Rules Trump's Tariffs Illegal — The Supreme Court ruled that many of Donald Trump's tariffs, imposed unilaterally under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), were illegal.
Jan 5, 2026 Members of Congress reported they had not been briefed on the Venezuela strikes Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The lack of briefing showed a breakdown in routine oversight channels for military action and intelligence notification.
Supporting reports
- U.S. Faces Scrutiny Over Lack of Congressional Oversight in Venezuela Operation — The U.S.
- Congress members report lack of briefings on Venezuela strikes — Representative Jim Himes and Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, both members of the Gang of Eight, reported that they had not been briefed on the military strikes in Venezuela.
Jan 4, 2026 President Trump ordered the capture of Nicolás Maduro without notifying Congress Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The operation tested war-powers limits by using military force without prior legislative notice or approval, concentrating foreign-policy power in the presidency.
Supporting reports
- Trump orders arrest of Venezuela's leader without notifying Congress — President Donald Trump ordered the arrest of Venezuela's leader, Nicolás Maduro, without notifying Congress, marking a significant departure from established protocol.
Dec 11, 2025 The Trump administration threatened Indiana legislators with loss of federal funding if they did not pass a favorable congressional map Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The pressure campaign used federal leverage to influence a state legislature's electoral map, straining norms of state autonomy and fair process.
Supporting reports
- Heritage Foundation Criticizes Trump's Threats — Tim Chapman, a former co-founder of the Heritage Foundation, criticized the Trump administration's threats to withhold federal funding from Indiana over its refusal to pass a redistricting effort.
- Trump Administration Pressures Indiana Legislators Over Congressional Map — The Trump administration has pressured Indiana state legislators to pass a congressional map favoring Republicans, threatening to withhold federal funding if they do not comply.
Dec 11, 2025 President Trump issued an executive order establishing a national AI policy framework that challenged state AI laws Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order centralized AI policy in the executive branch and threatened state autonomy by tying federal power to compliance with a national standard.
Supporting reports
- Executive Order on National AI Policy Framework — On December 11, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order to establish a national policy framework for artificial intelligence (AI).
- Trump Plans Executive Order to Preempt State AI Laws — President Trump announced plans to sign an executive order preempting state AI regulations, citing the need for a unified national framework.
- Trump signs executive order to prevent state regulation of AI — On December 11, 2025, Donald Trump signed an executive order aimed at preventing states from regulating artificial intelligence (AI).
Dec 10, 2025 A federal judge blocked the Trump administration's deployment of federalized National Guard troops in Los Angeles Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The injunction reaffirmed judicial limits on federal claims over state-controlled forces and checked executive use of military power in domestic unrest.
Supporting reports
- Judge blocks Trump administration’s deployment of national guard troops in Los Angeles — A US district judge, Charles Breyer, has blocked the Trump administration's deployment of national guard troops in Los Angeles, ordering their return to the control of California's governor.
Dec 9, 2025 The Supreme Court heard arguments on whether President Trump could fire an FTC commissioner Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The case tested whether independent agencies could remain insulated from direct presidential control, a core question of institutional design.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court Hears Arguments on Trump's FTC Firing — The U.S.
- Supreme Court Hears Arguments on Presidential Power — The Supreme Court heard arguments regarding the extent of presidential power over independent agencies, with Solicitor General John Sauer asserting that the president must have the authority to remove officials to
- Trump Fires FTC Commissioner — President Trump fired Rebecca Slaughter, the last remaining Democratic member of the Federal Trade Commission, claiming her continued service was inconsistent with his administration's priorities.
Dec 8, 2025 Alina Habba resigned as top federal prosecutor in New Jersey after courts found her appointment unlawful Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The resignation affirmed that Senate confirmation rules and judicial review still constrained disputed executive appointments.
Supporting reports
- Alina Habba Resigns as Top Federal Prosecutor in New Jersey — Alina Habba, a former lawyer for Donald Trump, announced her resignation as the top federal prosecutor in New Jersey.
Nov 25, 2025 The Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel issued a memo asserting that Caribbean boat strikes did not require congressional approval Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The memo claimed broad unilateral war-making authority and reduced Congress's role in checking military force.
Supporting reports
- Justice Department Memo on Boat Strikes — A classified memo from the U.S.
Nov 1, 2025 The Justice Department claimed the War Powers Resolution did not apply to U.S. strikes on boats because the targets could not shoot back Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The claim expanded executive room to use force without meaningful congressional approval or time limits.
Supporting reports
- DOJ Claims War Powers Act Does Not Apply to Boat Bombings — The DOJ informed Congress that the Trump administration does not need to comply with the War Powers Act regarding boat bombings, as the vessels cannot shoot back.
- Legal counsel claims drone strikes do not constitute hostilities — T.
- Trump administration claims authority over military actions — The Trump administration asserted that it does not need to consult Congress regarding its military actions against Venezuela, despite the requirements of the 1973 War Powers Act.
Oct 9, 2025 Judge April Perry blocked National Guard deployment to Chicago for two weeks Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order checked presidential military authority in a domestic dispute and affirmed that courts could test the factual basis for deployment claims.
Supporting reports
- Judge blocks Trump’s national guard deployment in Chicago — A U.S.
- Judge to Rule on National Guard Deployment in Chicago — A federal judge is set to rule on the legality of the Trump administration's deployment of National Guard troops in Chicago.
- Second Judge Blocks National Guard Deployment to Chicago — A second federal judge blocked the Trump administration from deploying National Guard troops to Chicago, citing the likelihood of civil unrest.
Oct 7, 2025 The White House Office of Management and Budget argued that furloughed workers were not guaranteed back pay during the shutdown Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The reinterpretation used executive leverage over shutdown hardship to pressure workers and lawmakers during a funding standoff.
Supporting reports
- White House OMB Argues Against Back Pay for Furloughed Workers — The White House's Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has issued a draft memo stating that federal workers furloughed during the ongoing government shutdown are not entitled to back pay.
- OMB Suggests Furloughed Workers May Not Receive Back Pay — The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a memo indicating that workers furloughed during a government shutdown may not be guaranteed back pay once the shutdown ends.
Sep 15, 2025 President Trump threatened a national emergency to take control of Washington DC policing for deportation enforcement Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The threat used emergency logic to pressure local policing autonomy and widen federal control over immigration enforcement.
Supporting reports
- Trump threatens national emergency to force Washington DC police cooperation — On September 14, 2025, President Donald Trump threatened to declare a national emergency to take control of Washington DC's police department if the city did not comply with his plans for mass deportations of
- Trump Threatens National Emergency Over DC Law Enforcement — President Trump threatened to declare a national emergency and federalize law enforcement in Washington, DC, after Mayor Muriel Bowser stated the district's police would not cooperate with ICE operations.
Sep 13, 2025 President Trump signed an order to deploy National Guard troops to Memphis Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order expanded federal and military-linked involvement in local policing, increasing executive reach into city law enforcement.
Supporting reports
- Trump Announces National Guard Deployment to Memphis Amid Low Crime Rates — President Trump announced the deployment of the National Guard to Memphis, Tennessee, despite the city experiencing significant reductions in crime rates.
- Trump signs executive order to deploy National Guard to Memphis — On September 15, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to deploy National Guard troops to Memphis, Tennessee, as part of a new initiative called the "Memphis Safe Task Force." This move is part of the
- Trump Deploys National Guard to Memphis for Crime Control — President Trump signed a memo deploying National Guard troops to Memphis, Tennessee, to address violent crime.
Sep 8, 2025 The Supreme Court temporarily allowed Trump to withhold nearly $5 billion in congressionally appropriated foreign aid Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order gave the executive branch more room to delay or nullify spending decisions made by Congress.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court Allows Trump to Withhold $5bn in Foreign Aid — The US Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Roberts, temporarily halted a lower court's order requiring the Trump administration to spend nearly $5 billion in foreign aid that Congress had appropriated.
- Partial Stay on District Court Order in Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition — The Supreme Court, through Chief Justice John G.
- Trump Administration Files Emergency Appeal on Foreign Aid — The Trump administration filed an emergency appeal to the Supreme Court to freeze billions in foreign aid after a lower court ruled the funds must be spent before they expire.
Aug 30, 2025 The White House canceled $4.9 billion in congressionally approved foreign aid Corroborated Power and Authority
The move tested Congress's spending power by asserting unilateral executive control over funds already approved by law.
Supporting reports
- White House Cancels $4.9 Billion in Foreign Aid — The White House announced the unilateral cancellation of $4.9 billion in foreign aid funding that had been approved by Congress.