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Mar 7, 2026 The Trump administration used emergency authority to expedite a bomb sale to Israel Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The emergency determination waived normal congressional review of a major arms transfer, concentrating foreign-policy power in the executive branch.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Expedites Bomb Sale to Israel — The Trump administration bypassed Congress using emergency authority to expedite the sale of over 20,000 bombs to Israel, valued at approximately $650 million.
Jan 29, 2026 President Trump issued an executive order declaring a national emergency over Cuba and authorizing new tariffs Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order used emergency powers to expand presidential control over trade and foreign policy beyond ordinary legislative channels.
Supporting reports
- Executive Order: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba — On January 29, 2026, President Donald Trump issued an executive order declaring a national emergency in response to perceived threats from the Government of Cuba.
Jan 10, 2026 The Trump administration seized Venezuelan oil proceeds and placed them under U.S. control without congressional consultation Corroborated Power and Authority
The move concentrated foreign-policy and financial power in the executive branch while bypassing normal legislative checks on war, sanctions, and public funds.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration's Actions Against Venezuela — The Trump administration seized Venezuela's oil and directed its proceeds into Trump's personal control, an action taken without congressional consultation.
- Trump Administration's Military Actions in Venezuela — The Trump administration, with Marco Rubio playing a key role, orchestrated the removal of Venezuela's president, Nicolás Maduro.
- Trump declared national emergency regarding Venezuelan oil revenue — On January 10, 2026, President Trump signed an executive order declaring a national emergency concerning the revenue from the sale of Venezuelan oil, stating that repayment to oil companies would harm U.S.
Jan 9, 2026 President Trump signed an executive order shielding Venezuelan oil revenue from court process and placing disbursement under executive control Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order concentrated control over foreign-linked funds in the executive branch and limited outside legal review of those assets.
Supporting reports
- Trump signs executive order to protect Venezuelan oil revenue — President Donald Trump signed an executive order aimed at preventing courts or creditors from impounding revenue tied to the sale of Venezuelan oil held in US treasury accounts.
- Executive Order: Safeguarding Venezuelan Oil Revenue — On January 9, 2026, President Donald Trump issued an executive order to protect Venezuelan oil revenue held in U.S.
Sep 8, 2025 The Supreme Court temporarily allowed Trump to withhold nearly $5 billion in congressionally appropriated foreign aid Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order gave the executive branch more room to delay or nullify spending decisions made by Congress.
Supporting reports
- US Supreme Court Allows Trump to Withhold $5bn in Foreign Aid — The US Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Roberts, temporarily halted a lower court's order requiring the Trump administration to spend nearly $5 billion in foreign aid that Congress had appropriated.
- Partial Stay on District Court Order in Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition — The Supreme Court, through Chief Justice John G.
- Trump Administration Files Emergency Appeal on Foreign Aid — The Trump administration filed an emergency appeal to the Supreme Court to freeze billions in foreign aid after a lower court ruled the funds must be spent before they expire.
Jul 31, 2025 President Trump issued an order raising duties on certain Canadian products Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order extended emergency-based tariff power into a major bilateral trade relationship with limited congressional involvement.
Supporting reports
- Amendment to Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across our Northern Border — On July 31, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order amending duties to address the flow of illicit drugs across the U.S.-Canada border.
- Trump signs order increasing tariffs on Canadian goods from 25% to 35% — On Thursday, Donald Trump signed an executive order raising tariffs on Canadian goods imported into the United States from 25% to 35%.
Jul 30, 2025 President Trump issued an executive order imposing additional tariffs on Brazilian imports Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order used emergency-style executive trade power to punish a foreign government over political and speech disputes.
Supporting reports
- Executive Order Imposes Tariffs on Brazilian Imports — On July 30, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order declaring a national emergency in response to actions by the Government of Brazil that allegedly threaten U.S.
Jun 21, 2025 President Trump ordered U.S. airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities without congressional approval Corroborated Power and Authority
The strikes tested constitutional limits on war powers by concentrating military decision-making in the presidency and bypassing normal legislative authorization and advance notice.
Supporting reports
- President Trump Orders Airstrikes on Iranian Nuclear Facilities — On June 21, 2025, President Trump ordered airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities—Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan—marking the first U.S.
- U.S. Military Conducts Airstrikes on Iranian Nuclear Sites — On June 21, 2025, President Donald J.
- US military conducts airstrikes on Iranian nuclear sites — The US military launched airstrikes targeting Iranian nuclear facilities, involving over 125 aircraft and multiple bomb types, including GBU-57 bunker buster bombs and Tomahawk missiles.
Mar 3, 2025 President Trump raised tariffs on Chinese goods tied to the synthetic opioid supply chain Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The order used emergency economic powers to escalate tariffs, reinforcing presidential control over trade and sanctions policy.
Supporting reports
- Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China — On March 3, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order further amending duties related to the synthetic opioid supply chain in the People's Republic of China.
- Trump doubles tariffs on China — President Trump signed an executive order doubling tariffs on China from 10% to 20%.
Mar 1, 2025 Secretary of State Marco Rubio used emergency authority to approve a large arms transfer to Israel without congressional review Corroborated Power and Authority
The move bypassed normal legislative review of a major weapons transfer, strengthening unilateral executive control over foreign military support.
Supporting reports
- Secretary of State Marco Rubio bypasses Congress to send arms to Israel — Secretary of State Marco Rubio invoked "emergency authorities" to send $4 billion in arms, including 2,000-pound bombs, to Israel.
- Trump Administration Approves $3 Billion Arms Sale to Israel — The Trump administration has approved a nearly $3 billion arms sale to Israel, bypassing congressional review.
Feb 1, 2025 President Trump imposed emergency tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
Using emergency powers for broad trade penalties expanded unilateral presidential control over economic policy and foreign relations.
Supporting reports
- Trump signs executive orders imposing tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump signed three executive orders imposing tariffs of 25% on all goods from Canada and Mexico, and a 10% tariff on Canadian oil exports and imports from China.
- Trump invokes emergency powers for tariffs — Trump invoked emergency powers to justify the imposition of tariffs, citing border security as a rationale.
- Executive Order Imposing Duties on Chinese Products — On February 1, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order imposing a 10% ad valorem tariff on all products from the People's Republic of China.