Trump Action Archive

Supporting reports

• Government Accountability Office report found ICE wasted tens of millions on detention plans — A nonpartisan Government Accountability Office report found that ICE had no strategic plan for spending the unprecedented $45 billion Congress appropriated in Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and has wasted tens of millions of taxpayer dollars on slapdash detention plans. The report documented nearly $3 million spent on tents at Guantanamo Bay that were never used, $20 million for maintaining warehouses never used to house detainees and now being sold, and excessive rates to lock people up. The Department of Homeland Security told the GAO it would have a plan by August 31, 2027.

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• Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent testified before House on economic policy — Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent appeared before the House and responded to questions from Democratic representatives regarding government intervention in markets, tariff policy, treasury bond yields, consumer sentiment, alleged money flows from Venezuela, and deficit spending. Bessent defended the administration's market interventions and claimed a $10 billion treasury market intervention was successful despite bond yields rising 20 basis points. He declined to confirm whether alleged Venezuelan asset flows were reaching U.S. persons.

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• House Oversight Committee holds shadow hearing on Trump administration affordability claims — House Oversight ranking member Robert Garcia held a shadow field hearing in Las Vegas examining what Democrats termed "Trump's Attack on Affordability." Witness Liz Pancotti, VP of Policy at Groundwork Collaborative, testified that Trump's 2024 campaign promises—including cutting energy prices by 50% within 12-18 months, reducing home costs in half, and restoring 2% mortgage rates—have not materialized. Electricity prices rose in Trump's first year in office, housing costs increased, and 30-year mortgage rates sit at approximately 6.5%.

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• Coalition of 25 US states sues Trump administration over new tariffs on 60 trading partners — A coalition of 25 US states filed suit in the US Court of International Trade on Monday challenging new tariffs of 10% to 12.5% imposed on goods from 60 trading partners and the European Union. The states argue the tariffs, which took effect in July under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, are unlawful and a pretext for replacing tariffs previously struck down by the Supreme Court in February. The states seek to halt the tariffs, declare them unlawful, and order refunds of duties already paid. The tariffs affect major trading partners including the UK, Australia, Canada, Japan, Taiwan, and China, and account for 99.4% of US imports.
• Complaint filed — Oregon v. Trump (U.S. Court of International Trade, Docket 1:26-cv-03467) — On August 3, 2026, 23 states and the governors of Kentucky and Pennsylvania filed a complaint in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging tariffs imposed by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) on July 23, 2026. The tariffs, set at 10% or 12.5% on imports from 60 economies representing 99.4% of U.S. goods imports and invoked under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, are challenged as violating the Administrative Procedure Act (arbitrary and capricious, in excess of statutory authority, procedurally defective) and the Constitution (ultra vires executive authority). Plaintiffs seek declaratory relief, a stay, injunctive relief, refunds, and a three-judge panel.
• 25 States Sue Over New Tariffs — Twenty-five states have filed lawsuits against the Trump administration challenging new tariffs. These legal actions reflect widespread opposition to the tariff policy and its economic implications.

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• Pentagon requests $67 billion emergency appropriation for Iran war operations — Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Dan Caine appeared before the Senate Appropriations Committee requesting an emergency injection of $67 billion to fund Pentagon operations through the end of the fiscal year on September 30. The Pentagon has sunk billions into the war in Iran; Hegseth stated the war cost $37.5 billion, though independent analysts estimate the true cost is significantly higher. The Navy and Air Force are projected to run out of money at the end of July 2026.
• Defense Secretary Hegseth requests $67 billion supplemental appropriation for Iran War operations — Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth appeared before Congress on Tuesday, July 22, requesting an additional $67 billion in supplemental funding to sustain Defense Department operations through the end of September. The request follows escalating military operations in Iran that have exhausted the expanded budget Congress previously provided. Senator Lisa Murkowski raised concerns that the administration may be attempting to use supplemental appropriations as a backdoor mechanism to satisfy War Powers Resolution requirements without explicit congressional authorization for military action.
• Hegseth requests $88bn supplemental funding for Iran war at Senate hearing — Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth testified before the Senate appropriations committee on the US-Israel war on Iran, disclosing that the conflict has cost $37.5bn to date and requesting approximately $88bn in supplemental funding ($67.1bn specifically for Iran operations). Hegseth warned that without the funds, the Pentagon faces "critical shortfalls" affecting military pay, equipment replenishment, and operations. The hearing occurred amid a collapsed ceasefire, recent American combat deaths, and bipartisan criticism over shifting war rationales and lack of congressional authorization.
• Hegseth requests $454bn defense budget increase to $1.5tn, citing "generational investment" — Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth testified before the Senate appropriations committee on July 21, 2026, requesting a $454bn increase in military spending for 2027, bringing the total to approximately $1.5tn—a 44% increase that would match World War II spending levels when adjusted for inflation. The request includes $67bn in emergency defense funds for 2026, with $37.5bn allocated to ongoing Iran war operations through September 30. Hegseth also disclosed that $75bn from a prior $156bn appropriation remains unobligated with no detailed spending plan.

Supporting reports

• Secretary Hegseth provides inconsistent testimony on Iran war objectives — During Senate Appropriations Committee testimony, Senator Jon Ossoff (D-GA) questioned Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth about statements made early in the Iran conflict claiming core objectives were to "destroy the missile threat" and "obliterate Iran's missiles and drones." Hegseth had declared four months earlier that all objectives had been achieved. When pressed, Hegseth declined to confirm whether the missile threat had been defeated, instead redefining "combat ineffective" to mean Iran could not deploy missiles at scale against the United States. Ossoff noted that Hegseth had assured the American people of Iranian surrender on day nine of the war and asked whether his statement that Iran's military had been "destroyed and made combat ineffective" was truthful.
• Senator Murray challenged Hegseth's claim that Iran's missile program is "functionally destroyed." — Senator Patty Murray cited Hegseth's April 8 statement that Iran's missile program was "functionally destroyed" with "launchers, production facilities and existing stockpiles depleted and decimated." She noted that Iran has been firing missiles at U.S. military bases and ships for the past week, contradicting Hegseth's assessment. Hegseth responded only that "Iran is at the weakest point militarily it has ever been in in the past decade."
• Hegseth and Joint Chiefs Chair Caine testified on $1.5 trillion DOD budget request. — Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Joint Chiefs Chair Dan Caine testified before the Senate to defend a $1.5 trillion DOD budget request—nearly double the 2024 budget of $841 billion. Hegseth stated "not funding this department at $1.5 trillion is the greatest threat our nation faces," while Caine acknowledged air power has limits in achieving military objectives.
• Senator Durbin questioned unobligated DOD funding and "woke priorities" pivot. — Senator Dick Durbin asked Hegseth about $75 billion in unobligated DOD funding from the prior year's reconciliation package. Hegseth acknowledged the figure and stated "There's plans and designs on that - move away from all the woke priorities of what the Biden admin was pursuing," indicating funds would be redirected away from diversity and inclusion initiatives.
• Senator Merkley pressed Caine on civilian infrastructure targeting in retaliation. — Senator Jeff Merkley questioned Joint Chiefs Chair Dan Caine on whether the U.S. would target civilian infrastructure in retaliatory strikes, noting that international law prohibits such targeting. Caine responded only that "we have a robust process," declining to provide explicit assurance that civilian infrastructure would be protected.
• Senator Murray questioned necessity of National Guard funding and Caribbean strikes for Iran war. — Senator Patty Murray asked Hegseth why "billions of dollars more for the National Guard and this administration's illegal strikes in the Caribbean" are urgently needed for the Iran war. Hegseth responded by blaming "gross negligence and neglect of the Biden admin" without addressing the substance of her question about the connection between Caribbean operations and Iran conflict.
• Senator Reed challenged Hegseth on war authorization and Strait of Hormuz contingencies. — Senator Jack Reed accused Hegseth of "gross negligence" for failing to fully inform Trump that the Strait of Hormuz could be effectively closed by Iranian action. Reed questioned whether Trump should be "praised for starting war without authority" and creating conditions where "the world economy is suffering tremendously," challenging the administration's failure to obtain congressional authorization.
• Senator Reed questioned whether airstrikes alone will defeat Iran; Caine declined to address ground troop escalation. — Senator Jack Reed asked Joint Chiefs Chair Dan Caine whether airstrikes alone would defeat Iran. Caine acknowledged that "air power has got limits" but declined to address whether ground combat escalation would follow, stating "I think it'd be unhelpful for me to opine on hypotheticals."

Supporting reports

• House Republicans prepared to fund Iran war without spending offsets — Punchbowl News reported that House Republicans were preparing to send the Pentagon tens of billions of dollars in new funding for an "seemingly endless Iran war" that was "bottoming out in public opinion polls." The new Pentagon money may not be offset by spending cuts elsewhere, representing a departure from fiscal constraints typically applied to other spending categories.
• House Republicans released $95 billion budget framework for military, farm, and voter suppression funding — House Republicans released a $95 billion budget framework on July 15 to fund $73 billion in additional military spending for the Iran war, $12 billion in farm bailouts related to Trump's tariff wars, and $10 billion for aspects of the SAVE America voter suppression measure. The package was designed to pass through budget reconciliation, requiring no Democratic votes. Representative Brendan Boyle (D-PA) opposed the measure as an "America Last" budget that would fund an unpopular war and voter suppression while adding to the national debt.
• House Republicans release $95 billion budget framework — House Republicans unveiled a $95 billion budget framework that includes $73 billion for military funding related to the war on Iran, $12 billion in aid for farmers affected by tariffs, and $10 billion for aspects of the SAVE America measure. The proposal is expected to be passed through budget reconciliation, which does not require Democratic votes. However, it faces opposition from both Democrats and some Republicans who are concerned about the funding priorities.

Supporting reports

• Senate Republicans advance $72 billion reconciliation package for immigration enforcement and White House security — Senate Republicans released text of a $72 billion reconciliation package on May 4, 2026, that includes $30.7 billion for ICE, $3.5 billion for CBP immigration enforcement, and $32.5 billion for additional DHS programs. The package also includes $1 billion for Secret Service "security adjustments and upgrades" connected to the White House ballroom modernization project. Committee markups are scheduled for the week of May 19. Republicans are using reconciliation to bypass the 60-vote threshold, allowing passage with 51 votes, after Democrats refused to fund ICE and CBP without reforms.
• Senate Republicans released budget reconciliation bill including $1 billion for White House ballroom — Senate Republicans released their funding request for a budget reconciliation bill that includes $1 billion in taxpayer money for a secure ballroom at the White House. Trump had begun demolishing the East Wing on October 20, 2025, initially claiming he and private donors would fund the ballroom entirely. The measure uses budget reconciliation, which cannot be filibustered and requires no Democratic votes to pass the Senate.
• Senate Republicans included $1 billion for Trump's ballroom in DHS funding bill — Senate Republicans released the text of a bill to fund the Department of Homeland Security that included $1 billion in taxpayer money designated for the "East Wing Modernization Project, including above-ground and below-ground security features" at Trump's property. The bill also allocated $3.4 billion for CBP through 2029 and $30 billion for ICE. Senate GOP leaders planned to bring the reconciliation bill to the floor the week of May 18.
• Senate Republicans propose $1bn funding package for White House security tied to Trump ballroom project — Senator Chuck Grassley released a Republican-led immigration enforcement funding bill that includes $1bn in proposed appropriations for "security adjustments and upgrades" within the White House compound perimeter, explicitly tied to the "East Wing Modernization Project"—the Trump administration's plan to rebuild the East Wing as a ballroom. The measure restricts funds to security elements only, though Democrats argue it effectively subsidizes the ballroom construction. The proposal comes after an armed man attempted to storm the White House Correspondents' Association dinner in April.
• Senate Republicans propose $1 billion for Trump's ballroom — Senate Republicans released a funding request for a budget reconciliation bill that includes $1 billion for White House security, specifically for a ballroom proposed by former President Donald Trump. This funding is being advanced through budget reconciliation, allowing it to pass without Democratic votes. The proposal follows Trump's earlier claims that he would fund the ballroom himself, raising concerns about the use of taxpayer money for personal projects.
• House and Senate Republicans raised concerns about $1 billion ballroom funding — Multiple House and Senate Republicans privately raised alarms about a $1 billion allocation in the GOP's reconciliation bill designated for ballroom-related construction. Republican members expressed concern about the political vulnerability of the vote, with one House member stating "A first-year political science major would know not to ask members to take this vote" and another declaring "There is no way in hell that this will get 218 votes on the floor." Senate Democrats prepared to use the vote-a-rama process to highlight the funding as an example of GOP priorities misaligned with cost-of-living concerns.

Supporting reports

• US Senate votes to repeal Biden-era mining moratorium near Minnesota Boundary Waters — The US Senate voted 50-49 on Thursday to overturn a 20-year moratorium on mining near Minnesota's Boundary Waters canoe area wilderness, imposed by the Biden administration in 2023. The measure targets 225,000 acres in the Superior National Forest and benefits Twin Metals Minnesota, a Chilean-owned subsidiary seeking to build a copper and nickel mine. The House had already approved the measure, and it is expected to reach President Trump for signature. Environmental groups and Senator Tina Smith opposed the vote, citing contamination risks and foreign ownership concerns.
• Senate passed House Joint Resolution 140 overturning 20-year mining ban upstream from Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness — The Senate passed House Joint Resolution 140, which overturns a 20-year mining ban in the area upstream from the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCA) in Minnesota. The measure, introduced by Representative Pete Stauber (R-MN) and passed by the House in January, clears the way for a subsidiary of Chilean mining giant Antofagasta to conduct copper-sulfide mining, which produces sulfuric acid, above the pristine BWCA. The region hosts 1,175 lakes and over 1,200 miles of rivers and streams, attracts approximately 165,000 annual visitors, generates $1.1 billion in economic activity, and supports 17,000 jobs.

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• RFK Jr testifies before House Ways and Means Committee on health budget amid vaccine and public health criticism — Robert F Kennedy Jr, health secretary, testified before the US House Ways and Means Committee on Thursday regarding the administration's health budget and policies. Lawmakers from both parties challenged Kennedy over sweeping changes to vaccination recommendations, promotion of vaccine misinformation during a measles outbreak affecting nearly 2,300 cases, cuts to Medicaid and Medicare, and previous racist comments about Black children. Kennedy defended his positions while promoting disputed claims about vaccine safety and hepatitis B transmission risk, and the hearing became contentious with multiple heated exchanges.
• Gov. Andy Beshear defended Pope's biblical interpretation on war — Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear responded to claims by Speaker Johnson and Vice President Vance that the Pope was misinterpreting the Bible regarding war. Beshear stated that there is no point in the New Testament where Jesus discusses just war, and that the Pope is simply speaking about Christ who could have brought down fire on the Roman Empire but chose not to. Beshear emphasized that Jesus, "the most powerful person who's ever walked the face of the Earth," could have justified violence but instead chose to be "the Prince of Peace" rather than "the Prince of Power."
• Rep. Linda Sanchez questioned RFK Jr. on public health messaging priorities — During House testimony, Rep. Linda Sanchez questioned RFK Jr. about suspending a pro-vaccine campaign while spending taxpayer dollars on a campaign featuring him drinking milk shirtless in a hot tub with Kid Rock, asking how this constituted a better public health message. RFK Jr. responded by citing global measles epidemic prevention, to which Sanchez countered that no country has seen a bigger percentage increase in measles than the United States.
• Rep. Melanie Stansbury criticized illegal war and administration's actions — Rep. Melanie Stansbury (D-NM) stated that millions of people have been displaced and American bases bombed, questioning the justification for the war. She characterized the conflict as illegal, led by a president attacking the Pope, threatening war crimes, and implicated in Epstein files, while being unable to explain the war's purpose or post-war plans.
• Rep. Sydney Kamlager-Dove criticized war costs and health care priorities — Rep. Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D-CA) criticized the administration's spending priorities, stating that the costs of the war are visible in rising gas prices and fertilizer costs, and that the administration wants to spend $2 billion daily on military operations rather than help Americans access health care. She used colorful language to express frustration with the spending priorities.
• Rep. Terri Sewell questioned RFK Jr. on statements about Black children and ADHD medication — Rep. Terri Sewell asked RFK Jr. whether he had ever parented a Black child, referencing a 2024 podcast interview in which he allegedly suggested Black children on ADHD medication should be "re-parented." RFK Jr. denied making the statement. The Ways & Means Committee Democrats subsequently posted a video clip of RFK Jr. from 2024 stating: "Every Black kid is now just standard put on Adderall, SSRIs, benzos, which are known to induce violence, and those kids are going to have a chance to go somewhere and get re-parented."
• RFK Jr. testified before House on health care fraud investigation — Robert F. Kennedy Jr., leading a Trump administration initiative to investigate alleged health care fraudsters, testified before the House. During questioning, Rep. Lloyd Doggett presented a case involving Paul Walczak, who retained $10 million in wages and purchased a $2 million yacht after his mother contributed to the Trump campaign, and was no longer required to pay $4.4 million or serve prison time. Doggett asked whether RFK Jr. recommended pardons for health care fraudsters or if campaign contributions influenced the decisions. RFK Jr. denied the account as not credible.
• RFK Jr. testified before House committee on HHS spending and policy — RFK Jr. testified before a House committee hearing. Rep. Suzanne Bonamici questioned HHS spending on a video of RFK Jr. drinking milk in a hot tub with Kid Rock. Rep. Greg Casar asked about 1.4 million people who lost health insurance from Obamacare; RFK Jr. responded they were "almost all illegal immigrants." Rep. Adelita Grijalva referenced RFK Jr.'s history of performing his own medical research, including cutting the penis off a dead raccoon. Rep. Summer Lee raised concerns that RFK Jr.'s agency instructed programs to remove 200 words from funding applications including the word "Black."

Supporting reports

• Ro Khanna introduces bill to ban US gasoline exports during price spikes — California congressman Ro Khanna introduced legislation to ban US gasoline exports when national average gas prices exceed $3.12 per gallon, responding to historic price increases triggered by the US-Israeli war on Iran. The bill aims to keep domestic fuel supplies at home to lower consumer costs. Khanna also referenced a companion windfall tax proposal on fossil fuel companies introduced the previous month with Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, designed to fund rebates to American taxpayers.

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• Democratic attorneys general and governors sue Trump over new tariffs — A coalition of Democratic attorneys general and governors from 24 states, led by New York Attorney General Letitia James, filed suit challenging Trump's newly announced 15% tariff on all imports, issued after the Supreme Court struck down the earlier tariffs. The suit argues the president lacks constitutional authority to impose the tariffs under the alternative legal basis cited and demands states be refunded for resulting costs. The action represents a coordinated state-level challenge to executive economic power.
• Democratic attorneys general filed lawsuit to block new tariffs — The attorneys general of more than twenty states, led by New York Attorney General Letitia James, filed a lawsuit to stop new tariffs of 15% on all global trade that Trump imposed under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974. James stated that Trump was "ignoring the law and the Constitution to effectively raise taxes on consumers and small businesses." The lawsuit challenged the legal basis for the tariffs, particularly given that Trump's own Department of Justice had previously argued in court that Section 122 did not apply to trade deficits.
• New York and 24 states sue Trump administration over tariffs under Trade Act Section 122 — A coalition of 24 Democratic-led states, led by New York Attorney General Letitia James, filed suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging Trump's planned 15% tariff on all imports. The lawsuit argues the president lacks constitutional and statutory authority to impose tariffs under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which caps rates at 15% for 150 days maximum. The suit demands refunds for tariff costs already paid by states and seeks to block the new tariffs from taking effect. The White House stated it would vigorously defend the action in court.

Supporting reports

• Supreme Court strikes down IEEPA tariffs as unconstitutional — The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose tariffs without explicit congressional approval. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that the statute contains no mention of tariffs or duties and that the Constitution assigns taxing power to Congress. The decision invoked the major questions doctrine, holding that powers of vast economic significance require clear statutory language. Justices Gorsuch and Barrett joined Roberts's lead opinion; Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson joined the core holding, with Kagan writing separately on statutory interpretation grounds.
• Media Invitation Announced for United States v. Khalid Shaikh Mohammad et al. Pre-Trial Hearing — The Department of War published an advisory on 2026-02-20 through its advisories channel. The department's own account of it reads: "The War Department invites media to cover pretrial proceedings in the case of United States v. Khalid Shaikh Mohammad, Walid Muhammad Salih Mubarek Bin 'Attash, Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, and Mustafa Ahmed Adam al Hawsawi, scheduled for May 4 - 29, 2026."
• Supreme Court strikes down Trump tariffs; CBP ordered to process $166bn in refunds — The Supreme Court invalidated Trump's "liberation day" tariffs issued under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, ruling he lacked legal authority. A federal judge ordered US Customs and Border Protection to process refunds to approximately 330,000 importers totaling an estimated $166 billion without requiring lawsuits. CBP filed notice it would establish a refund system within 45 days using existing liquidation procedures. The ruling resolved a core constitutional question about executive power but left implementation details to lower courts and agency discretion.
• US Supreme Court strikes down Trump's "liberation day" tariffs as illegal — On 20 February 2026, the US Supreme Court ruled that President Trump's sweeping tariffs imposed in April 2025 were illegal. The decision opened the door to an estimated $175 billion in refund claims from businesses across the country. Major companies including FedEx, L'Oreal, and Dyson have already filed lawsuits seeking refunds. The ruling has triggered a surge in demand for trade lawyers and created opportunities for hedge funds and AI firms to profit from the refund process.
• US Supreme Court strikes down Trump's global tariffs — The US Supreme Court ruled on 20 February 2026 that President Trump exceeded his authority in imposing far-reaching global tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). The court found the tariffs unlawful but did not address whether the Trump administration must repay an estimated $133 billion in collected tariffs, leaving the refund question to lower courts. Trump immediately signaled intent to reintroduce tariffs via alternative legal authority.
• Former South Korean President Sentenced to Life in Prison — The Seoul Central District Court sentenced former South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol to life in prison for leading an insurrection against the government. Yoon had declared martial law in December 2024, attempting to block the National Assembly and arrest opposition politicians. His actions were deemed unconstitutional, leading to his impeachment and removal from office. The court considered his age and lack of lethal force in its sentencing.
• Supreme Court ruled Trump's tariffs unconstitutional — On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court declared President Trump's tariffs unconstitutional. Following this ruling, Trump claimed the right to impose tariffs under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which authorizes tariffs to address "large and serious balance-of-payments deficits." Trump was the first president to invoke this provision, and his use of it has already been challenged in court.
• U.S. Supreme Court strikes down Trump's IEEPA tariffs as unconstitutional in 6–3 decision — The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 that President Trump's "Liberation Day" tariffs, imposed under emergency declarations citing the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), violated the Constitution. Trump had declared national emergencies regarding drug influx and trade deficits to justify sweeping tariff increases that upended post-World War II free trade principles. The Court found that Congress alone holds constitutional authority to tax Americans, and that Trump's tariff authority under IEEPA did not extend to the broad economic restructuring he imposed. The ruling invalidated tariffs that had cost American households an estimated $1,000–$1,700 in 2025 and slowed economic growth to 1.4% in the fourth quarter of 2025.
• Supreme Court invalidates tariff authority under IEEPA — The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no prior president had claimed such power. Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined the majority. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing that IEEPA's language and historical practice supported tariff authority.
• Supreme Court invalidates tariff authority under International Emergency Economic Powers Act — The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no prior president had interpreted it to confer such power. The majority (Roberts, Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, Sotomayor) rejected the government's tariff authority. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing IEEPA clearly authorizes tariff imposition as a means of regulating importation.
• Supreme Court ruled against Trump's use of IEEPA to impose tariffs — The Supreme Court issued a decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump on February 20, 2026, ruling 6–3 that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no prior president had interpreted it to confer such power. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing IEEPA clearly authorized tariff authority.
• Supreme Court rules IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariff authority — On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court issued a decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, ruling 6–3 that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that "IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties" and that no President had previously read IEEPA to confer such power. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented. The majority included Roberts, Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor.
• Supreme Court rules IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariff power — On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 6–3 decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, holding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs or duties. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs and that no President had previously claimed such power under the statute. Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined the majority. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing that IEEPA's language and historical practice supported presidential tariff authority.
• Supreme Court rules IEEPA does not authorize tariff authority — The Supreme Court issued a decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump on February 20, 2026, ruling 6–3 that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs or duties. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that "IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties" and that no President had previously interpreted the statute to confer such power. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing a long tradition of presidential tariff authority supported the opposite reading.
• Supreme Court rules IEEPA does not authorize tariff power — The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no President had previously claimed such power under the statute. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing a long tradition of presidential tariff authority and that IEEPA clearly authorized the power. The ruling invalidated tariffs imposed under IEEPA authority.
• Supreme Court rules IEEPA does not authorize tariffs — On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 6–3 decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, holding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that "IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties" and that no President had previously interpreted the statute to confer such power. Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined Roberts. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, with Kavanaugh arguing that IEEPA's language and historical practice supported presidential tariff authority.
• Supreme Court ruled Trump cannot use emergency powers to impose tariffs — The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no prior president had claimed such power. Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined the majority. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing IEEPA's language and historical practice supported tariff authority.
• Solicitor General granted amicus participation and divided argument in Montgomery v. Caribe Transport II — On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court issued a decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, ruling 6–3 that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that "IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties" and that no President had previously interpreted the statute to confer such power. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing that IEEPA clearly authorizes tariff imposition as a means of regulating importation and commerce.
• Supreme Court releases opinion in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump (24-1287) — On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, holding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no President had previously claimed such power. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing a long tradition of presidential tariff authority. The ruling invalidated tariffs imposed under IEEPA authority.
• — On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court issued a 6–3 decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, ruling that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose tariffs or duties. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that "IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties" and that "until now, no President has read IEEPA to confer such power." Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined Roberts; Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented.
• — The Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump on February 20, 2026, ruling that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs or duties and that no prior president had interpreted the statute to confer such power. Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined the majority. Justices Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented, arguing that IEEPA's language and historical practice supported tariff authority.
• — The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump (February 20, 2026) that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that IEEPA contains no reference to tariffs and no President had previously read it to confer such power. Justices Barrett, Gorsuch, Jackson, Kagan, and Sotomayor joined the majority; Kavanaugh, Alito, and Thomas dissented.
• — In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that President Trump cannot use emergency powers under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to unilaterally impose sweeping tariffs. Justices Samuel Alito, Brett Kavanaugh, and Clarence Thomas dissented, arguing that the statute grants sufficient authority for tariff imposition. The ruling represents the Court's most significant rebuke of the Trump administration since his return to office.
• — The Supreme Court granted the Solicitor General's motion to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and to conduct divided argument in the pending case Montgomery v. Caribe Transport II, LLC, et al. (Docket 24-1238). This procedural grant permits the federal government to present oral argument alongside the parties and allows argument time to be divided among multiple speakers.
• — The Supreme Court released an official slip opinion in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump. Docket number(s): 24-1287.

Supporting reports

• Abigail Slater forced out as DOJ Antitrust Division head — Abigail Slater, head of the Department of Justice Antitrust Division, was forced out after tensions with senior administration figures over efforts to scrutinize and potentially block major corporate mergers. The removal signals that antitrust enforcement was viewed as unacceptable by those pushing a corporations-first agenda.
• Gail Slater ousted as head of DOJ antitrust division — Gail Slater, assistant attorney general for antitrust, was forced out of the Trump administration on Thursday after months of tension with Attorney General Pam Bondi and loss of support from Vice President JD Vance. Disputes centered on Slater's opposition to the Hewlett Packard Enterprise-Juniper Networks merger and interpersonal conflicts within the department. Bondi had communicated to the White House that differences were irreconcilable. Omeed Assefi is expected to assume interim leadership of the antitrust division.

Supporting reports

• Senate rejects dual healthcare subsidy bills as ACA tax credits expire — The US Senate on Thursday rejected two competing proposals to extend or replace subsidies for Affordable Care Act health insurance. A Democratic-backed bill to extend premium tax credits for three years failed 51–48, falling short of the 60-vote threshold. A Republican proposal to fund health savings accounts instead of tax credits also failed. The votes occurred as subsidies for 21.8 million enrollees are set to expire at month's end, with KFF estimating premiums will more than double without them.
• Senate Democrats and Rand Paul voted against Republican healthcare alternative bill — Senate Democrats, joined by Republican Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky, voted against a Republican bill that would have allowed ACA premium tax credits to expire but would have provided adults earning less than 700% of the federal poverty line with $1,000 annually (or $1,500 for ages 50–65) to apply toward healthcare costs on lower-cost ACA plans. The bill included restrictions prohibiting use of funds for abortion or "gender transition procedures" and required verification of immigration and citizenship status.
• Senate Republicans voted against extending ACA premium tax credits — On December 11, 2025, Senate Republicans voted 51–48 against a Democratic measure to extend premium tax credits for healthcare insurance purchased on the Affordable Care Act marketplace for three years. The vote fell nine votes short of the 60 needed to overcome a filibuster. Only four Republican senators—Susan Collins (Maine), Josh Hawley (Missouri), Lisa Murkowski (Alaska), and Dan Sullivan (Alaska)—voted in favor. The credits, which subsidize insurance for millions of Americans, were set to expire without extension.
• Senate healthcare votes failed to advance either party's plan — The Senate held votes on healthcare bills with both the Democratic and Republican plans receiving 51 votes in favor, well short of the 60 needed to advance. Only one healthcare bill—a three-year clean extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies—received bipartisan support and a majority of votes. This extension was the vote Democrats secured in exchange for ending the recent government shutdown.
• Senate Republicans advance Health Care Freedom for Patients Act — On December 10, 2025, Senate Majority Leader John Thune announced that the Senate would vote on December 12 on the Health Care Freedom for Patients Act, sponsored by Senators Mike Crapo (R-ID) and Bill Cassidy (R-LA). The proposal would allow ACA subsidies to expire and replace them with direct payments to health savings accounts—$1,000 annually for enrollees aged 18–49 and $1,500 for those 50–64—but only for those purchasing bronze or catastrophic plans with deductibles of $10,600 or higher. The bill also includes restrictions on abortion coverage and gender transition services. Senate passage is uncertain; House Speaker Mike Johnson indicated House Republicans would introduce a competing proposal.

Supporting reports

• DOJ opens investigation into Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook — The DOJ opened a criminal investigation into Federal Reserve Board Governor Lisa Cook based on a mortgage fraud referral from FHFA Director Bill Pulte. The investigation follows Trump's failed attempt to dismiss Cook from the Federal Reserve, a move aimed at seizing control of the U.S. central bank. Cook's attorney Abbe Lowell characterized Pulte's accusations as politically motivated and noted that Pulte has ignored reports indicating his family members and multiple senior Trump officials may have committed similar mortgage fraud infractions.
• Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook's lawyer disputed mortgage fraud allegations — A lawyer for Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook sent a letter to Attorney General Pam Bondi and Special Attorney for Mortgage Fraud Ed Martin, arguing that allegations made by Trump and Federal Housing Finance Agency Director Bill Pulte that Cook engaged in mortgage fraud "fail on even the most cursory look at the facts," and that alleged contradictions in her loan applications were "cherry-picked, incomplete snippets."

Supporting reports

• Federal judge Andrew Hanen to rule on Trump administration proposal eliminating DACA work permits in Texas — US District Court Judge Andrew Hanen is preparing to rule on competing proposals for the future of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. The Trump administration submitted a proposal that would revoke work permits for DACA recipients in Texas while reopening the program to new applicants in other states. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals previously ruled DACA unlawful but narrowed the impact to Texas. Hanen's decision could affect approximately 86,000 DACA recipients in Texas, many of whom are employed, own businesses, and support families.

Supporting reports

• Trump administration signs rescissions package into law — President Trump signed into law a rescissions package approved by Republicans in the Senate that permits the administration to cut $9.4 billion in spending from laws previously passed by Congress. This marks the first time in decades that Congress has approved such rescissions. Democrats objected to the measure. Senator Roger Wicker (R-MS) cautioned against making this a precedent, while OMB director Russell Vought indicated the cuts represent only the beginning of planned reductions.
• Became Law: Rescissions Act of 2025 — Congress enacted the Rescissions Act of 2025 (Public Law 119-28) on July 24, 2025. The bill authorizes the rescission of previously appropriated federal funds. This legislative action grants authority to cancel or redirect budgeted spending, affecting the allocation and availability of federal resources across government programs and agencies.

Supporting reports

• House advances Trump tax-and-spending bill through procedural votes — The House of Representatives advanced Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" through procedural votes on July 2–3, 2025, after Democratic minority leader Hakeem Jeffries delivered an 8-hour-44-minute floor speech opposing passage. The bill, which passed the Senate on July 1 with Vice President JD Vance casting a tie-breaking vote, includes $3.3 trillion in deficit spending through 2034, extends 2017 tax cuts, allocates $45 billion for ICE detention and $14 billion for deportation operations, imposes new Medicaid work requirements, and sunsets green-energy incentives. Speaker Mike Johnson secured final Republican holdouts to advance the measure toward a final House vote.
• House passes Trump tax-and-spending bill with permanent tax cuts, deportation funding, and safety-net cuts — The U.S. House of Representatives passed Trump's comprehensive tax-and-spending legislation on Thursday, following Senate passage on Tuesday with VP Vance's tie-breaking vote. The bill extends 2017 tax cuts permanently (benefiting high earners disproportionately), allocates $45bn for ICE detention and $14bn for deportation operations, funds $50bn+ for border fortifications, cuts Medicaid (affecting ~10.6m people) and SNAP (affecting ~8m people), phases out clean-energy tax credits, raises the debt ceiling by $5tn, and increases the deficit by $3.3tn through 2034. The bill now awaits Trump's signature.
• Trump budget bill passage with immigration enforcement expansion and social benefit cuts — The House passed Donald Trump's budget reconciliation bill on Thursday, July 3, 2025, with no Democratic support and only two Republican defections (Thomas Massie and Brian Fitzpatrick). The bill expands immigration enforcement funding to $170 billion (making ICE larger than the FBI, DEA, and Bureau of Prisons combined), cuts Medicaid expansion, reduces SNAP benefits, allows the tipped-worker tax break to sunset in three years while making billionaire tax cuts permanent, and removes subsidies under the Affordable Care Act. Democrats issued widespread condemnation, citing projected deaths and loss of healthcare access.
• Hakeem Jeffries delivers record-breaking House floor speech opposing Trump tax bill — Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries spoke for more than eight hours on the House floor beginning shortly before 5am on Thursday, July 3, 2025, breaking the previous record of 8 hours 32 minutes set by Kevin McCarthy in 2021. Using the "magic minute" tradition that allows House leaders unlimited speaking time after floor debate concludes, Jeffries opposed Trump's $4.5 trillion tax-and-spending bill, reading stories of Americans who would lose healthcare, food assistance, and other benefits. He characterized the legislation as a "crime scene" and "abomination" that will harm millions while benefiting billionaires.
• House passes Trump tax-and-spending bill with 218-214 vote — The US House of Representatives passed Donald Trump's sweeping tax-and-spending bill on Thursday with a narrow 218-214 vote after weeks of negotiations. The legislation extends 2017 tax cuts permanently, creates new exemptions for tips and overtime pay, allocates $170 billion to immigration enforcement and border wall construction, and cuts Medicaid and SNAP benefits. The Congressional Budget Office projects it will add $3.3 trillion to the national debt through 2034 and cost millions of people their healthcare and food assistance benefits.
• Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries delivered record-length floor speech opposing budget bill — Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-VA) delivered the longest floor speech in House history, lasting all night and into Thursday afternoon, opposing the budget bill. He criticized the bill's impact on the poor and sick, concluding with a statement about hypocrisy: "You got some people in this town who go to church and pray on Sunday, and then they come to Congress and prey on the American people."
• House Republicans adopted Senate budget bill without amendments after Trump summoned Freedom Caucus members to Oval Office — House Republicans voted to adopt the Senate's budget bill following a marathon debate session. Despite weeks of public complaints from Freedom Caucus members that the Senate version was "horrible" and promises to make significant changes, the House passed it unchanged. Trump summoned the dissenting Republicans to the Oval Office, where they received signed merchandise and photos; they emerged agreeing to support the bill. Only two Republicans voted against it: Thomas Massie (R-KY) and Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA). The bill adds nearly $4 trillion to the debt and cuts Medicaid, Medicare, and nutrition assistance.
• Congressional passage of budget legislation with expansions to law enforcement and detention infrastructure — The House of Representatives passed a budget bill described as containing provisions for expanded law enforcement capacity, detention facilities, and enforcement quotas. The legislation was characterized by commentators as regressive and dangerous. The bill reportedly allocates resources toward building what critics describe as a sophisticated law enforcement apparatus with detention infrastructure and enforcement mechanisms tied to quota systems. The passage occurred despite stated opposition from advocacy groups and public awareness campaigns.
• House passes "One Big Beautiful Bill"; Trump administration announces legislative victory — The White House issued a press release announcing that the House of Representatives passed legislation titled the "One Big Beautiful Bill," which the administration characterizes as delivering "the largest middle-class tax cut in history," border security measures, military funding, and other provisions. Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt stated the bill represents "the biggest legislative win of President Trump's two terms" and that Trump "looks forward to signing" it into law. The release does not provide the bill's actual text, specific provisions, or legislative details.
• House and Senate pass Trump's tax-and-spending bill with narrow Republican majorities — Republicans passed a sweeping budget bill extending 2017 tax cuts, increasing the debt limit by $4 trillion, and adding work requirements to Medicaid and Snap. The House passed it 219–213 on Thursday after Speaker Johnson held the vote open for seven hours—the longest recorded—while Trump pressured holdouts via phone calls and social media. The Senate passed it 50–50 with Vice President Vance breaking the tie. The bill faced opposition from fiscal conservatives and moderates over deficit concerns and Medicaid cuts, resolved through targeted state benefits and executive order promises.

Supporting reports

• Senate Republicans advance Trump's tax-and-spending bill through vote-a-rama process — Senate Republicans continued debate on Trump's "one big, beautiful bill," a massive tax-and-spending measure combining tax cuts, tip deductions, and immigration enforcement funding offset by cuts to Medicaid, food stamps, and green energy programs. The chamber extended the "vote-a-rama" amendment process into a second day. Early Tuesday, senators voted 99–1 to strike an AI regulation ban. The bill faces uncertain passage with at least two Republican defections (Tillis, Paul) already committed against it, leaving no margin for error.
• Senate Republicans pass Trump's sweeping policy bill with Vice President tie-breaker — On July 1, 2025, the Senate passed Trump's major legislative package by a narrow margin, with Vice President JD Vance breaking a tie. The bill includes tens of billions for mass deportations and border walls, tax-cut extensions, and cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Moderate Republicans initially resisted, particularly over Medicaid reductions affecting poor and disabled Americans and rural hospitals. Senate leadership negotiated targeted provisions—including $50 billion for rural hospitals and tax deductions for Native Alaskan whalers—to secure passage. The CBO estimates the bill will increase the uninsured population by 11.8 million by 2034 and add $3.3 trillion to the deficit through 2034.
• Senate Republicans pass Trump's tax and spending bill with vice-presidential tiebreaker — The Republican-controlled Senate passed a major tax and spending bill demanded by Donald Trump on Tuesday, with Vice President JD Vance breaking a 50-50 tie after three Republicans joined all Democrats in opposition. The legislation extends tax cuts from Trump's first term, funds mass deportation operations ($45bn for ICE detention, $14bn for deportation operations), allocates over $50bn for border fortifications, imposes new work requirements on Medicaid enrollees, and limits provider taxes states use to fund Medicaid. The Congressional Budget Office estimates it will add $3.3 trillion to the deficit through 2034. The bill now goes to the House, where passage remains uncertain due to factional divisions among Republicans.
• Senate passed budget reconciliation bill with Vice President Vance's tiebreaking vote — The Senate voted 50–50 on a budget reconciliation bill, with all Democrats and Independents voting no, joined by three Republicans (Susan Collins, Rand Paul, Thom Tillis). Vice President J.D. Vance cast the deciding vote to pass the measure. The bill cuts taxes for the wealthy and corporations while slashing Medicaid and food security programs for low-income Americans. It allocates $170.7 billion to immigration enforcement, including $51.6 billion for border wall construction, $45 billion for ICE detention facilities, and $29.9 billion for ICE enforcement operations.
• Senate passed budget reconciliation bill 51-50 with VP Vance breaking tie — The Senate passed a major budget reconciliation bill on July 1, 2025, by a vote of 51-50, with Vice President JD Vance casting the deciding vote. Three Republicans—Susan Collins, Rand Paul, and Thom Tillis—voted against it. The bill must return to the House for reconciliation due to significant Senate amendments. The legislation includes major tax cuts, safety-net reductions targeting Medicaid and food stamps, clean energy subsidy cuts, and raises the debt ceiling by approximately $5 trillion, adding an estimated $3 trillion to the deficit.
• Senate passes Trump budget bill with 50-50 vote plus VP tiebreaker — The Senate voted 50-50 on Trump's budget bill, with the Vice President casting the tiebreaking vote to pass it. Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) characterized the legislation as corrupt and crooked, noting it was drafted in closed sessions, released at midnight, contained inflated figures, and provided substantial tax benefits to wealthy Republican donors while cutting social programs. The bill now moves to the House for consideration.
• Republican-controlled Senate passed Trump's Big Beautiful Bill with tie-breaking vote — The Republican-controlled Senate narrowly passed Trump's "Big Beautiful Bill" with a tie-breaking vote from Vice President JD Vance, sending it back to the House for another vote. The bill includes the biggest Medicaid and SNAP cuts in history, makes ICE the highest-funded federal law enforcement agency, and adds at least $3.3 trillion to the national debt over the next decade.

Supporting reports

• Trump signed deficit-increasing tax cut bill with automatic Medicare cuts — In July 2025, President Trump signed legislation he described as "one big, beautiful bill." The Congressional Budget Office calculated the measure would increase the deficit by $3.4 trillion, triggering automatic cuts of $536 billion from Medicare over nine years beginning after the midterms. The bill also terminates Medicare coverage for legal immigrants who worked and paid Medicare taxes in America for decades.
• Congress passes "One Big Beautiful Bill" omnibus law cutting social programs — In July, Republicans passed an omnibus law that Trump called the "One Big Beautiful Bill," which extended the 2017 tax cuts that primarily benefited the wealthy and corporations while cutting Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and support for healthcare insurance purchases on the Affordable Care Act marketplace. The measure was passed under budget reconciliation rules, which cannot be filibustered, allowing passage without any Democratic votes. In the Senate, three Republicans voted against the bill, requiring Vice President J.D. Vance to cast the deciding vote.
• Trump celebrates passage of "One Big Beautiful Bill" tax-and-spending legislation at Iowa rally — President Trump held a campaign-style rally in Des Moines, Iowa, on July 4, 2025, to celebrate the passage of his signature "One Big Beautiful Bill" tax-and-spending legislation, which narrowly passed the House on Thursday. The bill permanently extends Trump's 2017 tax cuts, adds hundreds of billions to Pentagon and border security funding, slashes health insurance and food stamps, and phases out clean energy tax credits. The Congressional Budget Office estimates it will add nearly $3.3 trillion to the deficit over a decade. Trump used the event to mock Biden, repeat election falsehoods, attack the media, and announce plans for the nation's 250th anniversary celebration, including a UFC fight at the White House.
• Trump signed reconciliation spending bill eliminating renewable energy tax credits — President Trump signed a Republican reconciliation spending bill on July 4, 2025, that strips away tax credits and incentives for solar and wind energy production. Analysis by Energy Innovation projects electricity rates will rise by up to 18% by 2035, with household energy costs increasing by an average of $170 annually. Republican-leaning states will be hardest hit, with Missouri facing the largest increase at $640 per year. The bill also eliminates subsidies for energy-efficient home construction and upgrades.
• Trump signs major tax and spending bill with Medicaid and SNAP cuts — Donald Trump signed a comprehensive tax and spending bill on July 4, 2025, that extends tax cuts from his first term and creates new deductions for working-class voters. The legislation fundamentally restructures Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) by imposing stricter work requirements and forcing states to share costs for the first time. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the Medicaid changes could cost 11.8 million people their healthcare coverage, while 8 million people may lose SNAP benefits. The bill also channels tens of billions toward immigration enforcement and border wall construction.
• Trump signs sweeping tax and spending bill with Medicaid cuts and work requirements — On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed a comprehensive bill extending lower tax rates from his first term, creating new tax exemptions, and funding mass deportation plans. The legislation mandates the largest cuts in history to Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), mostly taking effect after the 2026 election. It imposes work requirements for Medicaid enrollees and declines to extend Affordable Care Act premium subsidies, potentially leaving millions without affordable healthcare coverage.
• Trump signs tax-and-spending bill blocking Planned Parenthood from Medicaid funding — On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed a sprawling tax-and-spending reconciliation bill that includes a provision blocking Planned Parenthood affiliates from receiving Medicaid funding for at least one year. The provision, which abortion rights supporters call a "backdoor abortion ban," would force the organization to close roughly 200 health centers. Blue states with larger Medicaid populations would be disproportionately affected. Planned Parenthood immediately sued, and a federal judge granted a temporary freeze on the defunding provision for at least two weeks.
• Trump signs tax-and-spending bill into law — Donald Trump signed a sweeping spending and tax package into law on July 4, 2025, at a White House Fourth of July picnic. The bill passed the Senate by one vote and the House 218–214 on Thursday. It cuts federal safety-net programs (Medicaid and SNAP), allocates $170 billion to immigration enforcement, extends tax cuts skewed toward the wealthy, and ends green energy incentives. Researchers estimate 11.8 million people will lose Medicaid coverage and 8 million will lose SNAP benefits.
• Trump signed budget reconciliation bill into law — President Trump signed the budget reconciliation bill on July 4, 2025. House Speaker Mike Johnson announced at the signing ceremony that Republicans were "laying a key cornerstone of America's new golden age."
• President Trump signed "The One Big Beautiful Bill" into law — The White House issued a fact sheet announcing that President Trump signed "The One Big Beautiful Bill" into law on July 4, 2025. The document claims the legislation includes the "largest tax cut in history" for middle- and working-class Americans, permanent increases to the Child Tax Credit, border wall completion and ICE hiring, domestic oil and gas expansion, Medicaid restrictions on immigrants, military modernization, and $1.5 trillion in spending cuts. The fact sheet attributes specific benefits to the legislation without providing legislative text or independent verification.
• Budget reconciliation bill passed by Republicans and signed into law boosts fossil fuels and destroys government efforts to address climate change — Republicans passed a budget reconciliation bill that was signed into law on Friday, July 4. The legislation boosts fossil fuel development and eliminates government programs addressing climate change. This occurred as scientists warn of acute dangers from extreme heat, wildfires, storms, and floods, including the Texas flooding disaster that killed at least 80 people.
• H.R.1 tax and fiscal package became law on July 4, 2025 — On July 4, 2025, H.R.1 (Public Law 119–21), a major tax and fiscal package, became law. Some households saw improved cash flow and some businesses gained new incentives to invest. However, the article notes that tax changes helped only at the margin and did not reset housing prices, insurance premiums, food costs, or interest rates. For many families, the extra cash flow was quickly absorbed by expenses that had already risen.
• Major tax and fiscal package becomes law — Congress enacted Public Law 119-21 on July 4, 2025, a reconciliation measure authorized under H. Con. Res. 14, Title II. Reconciliation bills bypass the Senate filibuster and require only a simple majority, enabling expedited passage of fiscal legislation. The law's specific provisions are not detailed in this record, but reconciliation acts typically address taxes, spending, or deficit reduction with significant budgetary consequences.
• Became Law: Reconciliation Act Pursuant to H. Con. Res. 14

Supporting reports

• Congressional Republicans struggle to pass Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill" budget legislation — Trump's signature "One Big Beautiful Bill" budget plan faces tortured progress in Congress as House and Senate Republicans haggle over its contents ahead of a 4 July deadline. The legislation threatens to slash the social safety net, including cuts to Medicaid healthcare for more than 16 million people, and would raise costs for families on rent, groceries, and prescription drugs while funding tax cuts for wealthy Americans. Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren and policy experts characterized it as "Robin Hood-in-reverse" legislation that harms working-class voters.
• Senate Republicans advance Trump tax-and-spending bill through procedural vote — The Republican-controlled US Senate voted 51–49 on Saturday to open debate on Trump's sweeping tax-cut and spending bill, clearing a key procedural hurdle. The measure extends 2017 tax cuts, adds new tax breaks including no taxes on tips, and commits $350 billion to national security and border enforcement. Democrats forced the 940-page bill to be read aloud and secured the right to propose unlimited amendments. The bill still requires final passage and House approval before reaching Trump's desk by the Fourth of July deadline.
• Democrats demanded full reading of budget reconciliation bill on Senate floor — After Senate Republicans released the revised 940-page budget reconciliation bill late Friday night and attempted to call a vote the same evening, Democrats demanded that the entire bill be read on the Senate floor. The demand reflected Democratic objections to the compressed timeline and lack of transparency in the legislative process.
• Senate voted to advance budget reconciliation bill — Fifty-one senators voted to advance the budget reconciliation bill, with forty-nine opposing. Republicans Thom Tillis of North Carolina and Rand Paul of Kentucky voted with Democrats to oppose the measure. Tillis had previously stated he could not support the bill's Medicaid cuts. Following the vote, Trump announced he would support a primary challenger to Tillis, stating he would be "looking for someone who will properly represent the Great People of North Carolina."
• Ron Johnson and Lisa Murkowski flipped votes to pass reconciliation bill — Senators Ron Johnson (R-WI) and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) reversed their positions at the last minute to advance the budget reconciliation bill. Johnson sought deeper spending cuts; Murkowski negotiated special exemptions for Alaska from work requirements on SNAP and secured additional Medicaid and tax provisions benefiting the state. The Senate parliamentarian subsequently overruled several of Murkowski's negotiated provisions as violating the Byrd rule.
• Senate advanced budget reconciliation bill to floor debate with 51-49 vote — The Senate voted 51-49 to advance the budget reconciliation bill to the floor for debate, which began that evening. Republicans Thom Tillis (NC) and Rand Paul (KY) voted against it alongside Democrats. Trump subsequently attacked Tillis on Truth Social and announced he would back a primary challenger against him. Tillis responded by announcing he would not seek reelection, citing the need for independent thinking and freedom from campaign fundraising.
• Senate Republicans advance 940-page reconciliation bill with procedural vote — On June 28, 2025, the Senate voted 51–49 to end debate on Trump's reconciliation megabill, with Republican Senators Thom Tillis (R-NC) and Rand Paul (R-KY) joining all Democrats in opposition. Senate Republican leaders held the vote open for hours to pressure holdouts. The 940-page bill includes $930 billion in Medicaid cuts, $186 billion in SNAP reductions, $172 billion for immigration enforcement, $158 billion in new defense spending, and extends Trump's 2017 tax cuts. The bill is scheduled for a final Senate vote on Monday, June 30, with Republicans operating under thin margins in the House.
• Republicans released a new version of the omnibus budget reconciliation bill — Republicans released a revised version of the omnibus budget reconciliation bill just before midnight, which has faced significant Democratic challenges. The new measure removes some controversial provisions but retains its original structure, including the extension of tax cuts for wealthy Americans. The Senate voted 51-49 to advance the bill, with two Republicans joining Democrats in opposition. The bill includes substantial cuts to Medicaid and additional funding for Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
• Senate Minority Leader initiates full bill reading to slow passage — Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) forced a full reading of the 940-page budget reconciliation bill in the Senate to slow its passage. The procedural tactic delayed the measure and set the stage for a "vote-a-rama" in which Democratic senators will force Republicans to vote on controversial amendments.
• Senate votes to advance the budget reconciliation bill — The Senate voted 51-49 to advance the revised budget reconciliation bill, with two Republican senators, Thom Tillis and Rand Paul, voting with Democrats against the bill. This vote indicates significant division within the Republican Party regarding the proposed cuts to Medicaid.
• Senate opens debate on Trump's $3.3 trillion deficit bill with forced full reading — The US Senate began formal debate on Donald Trump's comprehensive domestic policy bill on Sunday, June 30, after Democrats forced clerks to read the entire 940-page legislation aloud. The bill combines tax cuts, immigration enforcement spending, and healthcare/nutrition assistance reductions. The Congressional Budget Office estimated the Senate version would increase the deficit by $3.3 trillion over ten years—nearly $1 trillion more than the House version—and cause 11.8 million Americans to lose health insurance. Republicans advanced the bill 51-49 in a procedural vote Saturday after hours of negotiations with holdouts.
• Senate to Vote on Budget Bill Amendments — The Senate is set to begin voting on amendments to the Republicans' budget reconciliation bill in a process known as a "vote-a-rama," where Democratic senators will challenge Republicans on controversial issues.

Supporting reports

• Democrats challenged Republican accounting gimmick on tax cuts — Senate Democrats, led by Chuck Schumer, challenged Republicans' use of a "current policy baseline" accounting method that treats $3.8 trillion of Trump tax cut extensions as costing zero dollars. Democrats argue the method violates Senate reconciliation rules. Republicans cannot meet their $1.5 trillion deficit reduction target if they count the full ten-year cost of extending Trump's tax cuts, making the alternate baseline essential to the bill's viability.
• Senate adopts "current policy baseline" accounting method for tax cuts — The Senate voted 53-47 to adopt a "current policy baseline" that treats $3.8 trillion in Trump tax cut extensions as costing zero dollars for budget reconciliation purposes. All Republicans voted yes. This marks the first time this accounting method has been used in a filibuster-proof reconciliation process to meet budget targets, establishing a precedent that could allow future majorities to pass massive permanent programs by scheduling expiration dates and declaring extensions cost-free.
• White House disputes Congressional Budget Office deficit projections — The Trump White House issued statements on its official website claiming the One Big Beautiful Bill would reduce deficits by over $2 trillion through economic growth and waste reduction, while dismissing the Congressional Budget Office as having "a terrible record" with predictions and lacking credibility. The White House asserted the bill would "unleash our economy" and prevent "the largest tax hike in history."

Supporting reports

• House of Representatives Passes "Big, Beautiful Bill" by Single Vote — The House of Representatives passed the "Big, Beautiful Bill" by a single vote, with no Democratic support. The bill, part of President Trump's "America first" agenda, proposes to extend tax cuts, fund increased immigration enforcement, and impose new work requirements for federal safety net programs. It is projected to add $2.4 trillion to $5 trillion to the national debt and make significant cuts to Medicaid and food-assistance programs. The bill's passage in the Senate is uncertain, as Republican leaders consider changes that could affect its prospects.

Supporting reports

• Republicans attempt to pass significant budget bill — Republicans in Congress attempted to advance a budget measure dubbed “One, Big, Beautiful Bill,” which aimed to extend Trump’s tax cuts at a projected cost of $4.6 trillion over ten years while raising the debt ceiling by $4 trillion. The bill faced opposition and ultimately failed to advance out of the House Budget Committee.
• House Budget Committee passes bill in late-night session — The House Budget Committee passed a budget bill after a late-night session, with some members who previously voted 'No' changing their votes to 'Present.' The bill is set to face further scrutiny in the Rules Committee.
• Republicans criticized for scheduling votes at odd hours — Several Democratic representatives criticized Republicans for scheduling votes on significant legislation during late-night hours, suggesting a lack of transparency and public engagement in the legislative process.
• House Committee Advances Trump’s Tax Cut Bill — On May 18, 2025, a key House committee passed a tax cut and border security package, known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, after reaching an agreement with far-right Republicans who had previously stalled its progress. The bill, which aims to extend tax breaks from Trump's first term and increase spending on border security, faces challenges in the full House due to potential opposition from moderates concerned about cuts to climate incentives and healthcare programs. The bill's passage is crucial for Republicans, who need to unite their party to pass it before the Memorial Day deadline.
• House Budget Committee Passes Controversial Bill — The House Budget Committee passed a bill referred to as the “Big, Beautiful Bill” on a party-line vote, with 17 Republicans in favor and 16 Democrats against. The bill includes cuts to Medicaid and extends tax cuts for the wealthy, which the Congressional Budget Office estimates will significantly increase the federal deficit. House Speaker Mike Johnson indicated minor modifications would be made, while critics argue the bill is being rushed through Congress without adequate scrutiny.
• House Republicans schedule procedural vote on Trump's bill — House Republicans have scheduled a procedural vote for 1am on Wednesday to advance President Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill Act," which aims to enact his taxation and immigration priorities. The bill includes making permanent or extending tax cuts, ending taxation of tips and overtime, funding a border wall, and mass deportations. It proposes slashing federal safety net programs like Medicaid and SNAP to offset costs, which has caused division among Republicans. The bill's passage is crucial for Trump, but it faces opposition from some lawmakers concerned about its impact on Medicaid and the SALT deduction.
• House Rules Committee to Consider Omnibus Bill — The House Rules Committee is scheduled to meet on May 21, 2025, to discuss a 1,116-page omnibus bill proposed by Republicans that aims to implement significant parts of former President Trump's agenda, including cuts to Medicaid and increased logging on public lands. The bill is being advanced through a budget reconciliation process, which allows it to pass with only Republican votes in the Senate. However, there is notable division among Republicans regarding the proposed Medicaid cuts, which are unpopular among constituents.
• House passes Budget Reconciliation Bill — The House of Representatives passed the Budget Reconciliation Bill by a narrow margin of 215-214, with two Republicans voting against it and one voting present. The bill's passage is significant as it will now move to the Senate, where Republican opposition is anticipated.
• Congressional Republicans pass the One Big Beautiful Bill Act — Congressional Republicans narrowly passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act with a 215-214 vote. The bill aims to permanently extend tax cuts from Trump's first term and introduce new deductions for working-class families, but these benefits will expire in 2028. The bill also includes cuts to social safety net programs, potentially affecting millions of poor and disabled Americans. The legislation is expected to add $3.4 trillion to the deficit by 2034. It now moves to the US Senate for further consideration under the budget reconciliation procedure, which limits Democratic influence.
• House Passes Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill" Act — The House of Representatives, controlled by Republicans, passed the "One Big Beautiful Bill" act, which enacts President Donald Trump's taxation and spending priorities. The bill includes making permanent the tax cuts from Trump's first term, increasing the standard deduction, and introducing new tax write-offs. It also allocates significant funds for mass deportations and border wall construction, imposes new fees on immigrants seeking asylum, and restricts federal courts from enforcing certain contempt citations. Additionally, it cuts funding for Medicaid and SNAP, phases out green energy incentives, and raises the debt ceiling by $4 trillion. The bill now awaits consideration in the Senate.
• House Passes Trump's Tax Bill — On May 22, 2025, the House of Representatives narrowly passed a tax bill championed by Donald Trump, known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. This legislation aims to make permanent the tax cuts established in 2017, which primarily benefit wealthy Americans and corporations. The bill also includes cuts to government assistance programs like Medicaid and SNAP, and ends clean energy tax credits. The bill is expected to cost the federal government $4.6 trillion in lost revenue over the next decade, while saving $1 trillion through reduced spending on assistance programs.
• House passes Trump's tax-and-spend bill — On May 22, the House of Representatives narrowly passed a tax-and-spend bill, which extends Trump's 2017 tax cuts and makes significant spending reductions, particularly in Medicaid and food assistance programs. The bill passed without any Democratic support and has been criticized for potentially increasing the national debt by $2.4 trillion over the next decade. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis indicates that the bill would leave 10.9 million more Americans uninsured by 2034. The bill now moves to the Senate, where modifications are expected.
• House passes Trump’s sweeping tax-cut bill — The House of Representatives passed a major tax-cut bill, known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which aligns with Donald Trump's tax and spending priorities. The bill, passed by a narrow margin of 215-214, includes provisions for tax cuts for individuals and corporations, funding for a border wall, and new work requirements for Medicaid and SNAP. It is expected to add $2.3 trillion to the deficit. The bill now moves to the Senate, where Republicans aim to pass it by July 4th.
• House Committee Advances Bill with Steeper Medicaid Cuts — After extensive debate, the House Rules Committee agreed to advance The One Big, Beautiful Bill, which includes steeper cuts to Medicaid to gain support from far-right Republicans. These cuts are expected to leave at least 9 million people without healthcare coverage, reflecting a significant shift in healthcare policy.
• House of Representatives passes Republicans' megabill — The House of Representatives passed a significant bill by a vote of 215 to 214, with all Democrats and two Republicans voting against it. The bill includes substantial cuts to healthcare and nutrition assistance, with the Congressional Budget Office estimating that it will result in over 2.7 million households losing benefits. The bill now moves to the Senate for consideration.
• House Rules Committee Begins Hearing on The One Big, Beautiful Bill — The House Rules Committee commenced a hearing on a budget bill dubbed The One Big, Beautiful Bill, which includes significant restrictions on federal courts' authority to hold government officials in contempt for violating court orders. This bill also proposes a $3.8 trillion extension of tax cuts from 2017, primarily benefiting the wealthy and corporations, while cutting federal healthcare and food assistance programs, potentially leaving millions without coverage. The committee moved the bill forward after 22 hours of debate, aiming for a swift vote in the House.
• House Republicans Pass Bill Cutting Medicaid and Medicare — In a late-night session, House Republicans passed a bill that could remove 8 million people from Medicaid, cut Medicare spending, and add $4 trillion to the national debt. The bill also includes tax cuts for the wealthy and funds for the border wall.
• Congressional Budget Office Reports on Impact of Proposed Bill — The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) reported that the proposed budget bill will add $2.3 trillion to the federal deficit over the next ten years and will trigger cuts to Medicare due to the Pay-As-You-Go law. These cuts, limited by law to 4%, are expected to total approximately $490 billion from 2027 through 2034. The CBO's findings highlight the bill's potential negative impact on low-income Americans and the healthcare system.
• Proposed Cuts to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — The proposed budget bill includes cuts of about 30% to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which would be the largest cut in the program's history. This reduction is projected to cut approximately $300 billion from the program through 2034, affecting over 40 million people, including children and seniors.
• House passes Trump’s budget bill with significant cuts — The House of Representatives passed a budget bill that extends tax cuts for individuals and corporations while implementing funding cuts and new work requirements for Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). These changes are expected to bar millions from receiving essential benefits, raising concerns among affected workers and advocates. The bill also includes funding for a border wall and facilities for mass deportations.