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May 9, 2026 The Trump administration closed the San Francisco immigration court, fired immigration judges, and authorized military lawyers to serve as temporary immigration judges Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The restructuring weakened adjudicative independence by shrinking court capacity and replacing experienced judges with executive-selected substitutes.
Supporting reports
- Closure of San Francisco Immigration Court — The Trump administration has closed the San Francisco immigration court, reducing the number of judges from 21 to just four and transferring operations to a smaller court 35 miles away.
- Military Lawyers Appointed as Immigration Judges — The Trump administration has authorized up to 600 military lawyers from the Judge Advocate General (JAG) Corps to serve as temporary immigration judges, bypassing the usual requirement of at least 10 years of
- Trump Administration Fires Immigration Judges — Since January 2025, the Trump administration has fired over 113 immigration judges and pushed out others through buyouts and reassignments.
May 5, 2026 Carla Espinoza filed a lawsuit alleging the Justice Department discriminatorily fired immigration judges Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The suit challenged whether staffing decisions in a key adjudicative system were being driven by politics and bias rather than neutral administration.
Supporting reports
- Complaint filed — Espinoza v. Blanche (N.D. Ill.) 1:26-cv-05157 — On May 5, 2026, Carla Espinoza, a former immigration judge, filed a lawsuit against the Department of Justice in the Northern District of Illinois.
Oct 27, 2025 The Trump administration filed an emergency Supreme Court appeal to uphold the firing of the Library of Congress copyright chief. Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The appeal tested executive reach over an office tied to a legislative institution and civil-service independence.
Supporting reports
- Trump Administration Files Emergency Appeal — The Trump administration filed an emergency appeal with the Supreme Court to uphold the firing of Shira Perlmutter, the copyright chief of the Library of Congress, who is challenging her termination.
Sep 30, 2025 A federal judge ruled that Trump's acting U.S. attorney for Nevada was not lawfully serving Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The decision reinforced appointment rules and checked executive use of acting officials without proper legal footing.
Supporting reports
- Judge Rules Against Trump's Acting US Attorney — A federal judge ruled that Trump's acting US attorney for Nevada is not validly serving in her position, marking the second time a Trump-appointed acting US attorney has had their authority stripped by the courts.
Aug 24, 2025 President Trump threatened to remove Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook and later announced her removal Corroborated Power and Authority
The move challenged the independence of a key economic institution by using executive power against an official who disputed the president's authority.
Supporting reports
- Trump Threatens to Fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook — President Donald Trump has threatened to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook, demanding her resignation over unverified allegations of mortgage fraud.
- Trump Attempts to Fire Federal Reserve Director Lisa Cook — President Trump attempted to fire Federal Reserve Director Lisa Cook, citing "for cause" without legal basis.
- Trump Fires Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook — President Trump has fired Lisa Cook, the first Black woman to serve as a governor of the Federal Reserve, accusing her of mortgage fraud.
Aug 2, 2025 President Trump fired the Bureau of Labor Statistics commissioner after a weak jobs report Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The firing signaled political punishment for unfavorable official data and weakened confidence in the independence of federal statistical agencies.
Supporting reports
- Jobs Report Shows Weak Growth and Trump Fires Labor Commissioner — The U.S.
- Trump fires chief of Bureau of Labor Statistics — President Trump fired the chief of the Bureau of Labor Statistics hours after the agency reported disappointing job numbers for the last three months of his administration.
- Trump fires head of Bureau of Labor Statistics — President Trump dismissed the head of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, accusing her of manipulating employment numbers to portray the economy negatively.
Jul 21, 2025 The Supreme Court lifted injunctions that had blocked State Department firings Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The order cleared the way for mass executive layoffs, showing how court rulings can reshape agency capacity and oversight limits.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court lifts injunctions allowing Trump administration to proceed with State Department firings — The U.S.
Jul 14, 2025 The Supreme Court granted a stay allowing the Department of Education to proceed with mass layoffs Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order let the executive branch shrink a congressionally created department while litigation continued, weakening institutional checks.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court Grants Stay in McMahon v. New York — The Supreme Court granted the federal government's request for a stay in the case of McMahon v.
- Supreme Court Allows Education Department Cuts — The Supreme Court granted an emergency appeal from the Trump administration to proceed with firing nearly half of the Department of Education's workforce.
- Supreme Court grants stay on Department of Education layoffs — The Supreme Court granted a stay on a lower court's order that had blocked the Trump administration from laying off employees at the Department of Education.
Jul 13, 2025 The Trump administration carried out mass layoffs at the State Department and closed the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The layoffs concentrated control over foreign-policy staffing while shrinking institutional capacity tied to rights and democratic accountability.
Supporting reports
- State Department Mass Layoffs — On July 11, 2025, the administration implemented mass layoffs at the State Department, resulting in the termination of over 1,300 employees and the closure of the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, which has
May 22, 2025 The Supreme Court allowed the removal of independent agency heads from the NLRB and MSPB to stand while appeals continued Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
The stay weakened protections for independent labor and civil service boards that help safeguard workers and due process inside government.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court allows Trump to control independent agencies — The Supreme Court issued an unsigned order pausing lower court rulings that allowed board members at two independent agencies to remain in their positions despite attempts by Trump to fire them.
- Motion granted — Cathy A. Harris v. Bessent et al (D.C. Cir.) 25-5037 — The Supreme Court granted the government's request for a stay while the case is on appeal.
- Motion granted — Gwynne A. Wilcox v. Donald J. Trump et al (D.C. Cir.) 1:25-cv-00334 — The Supreme Court granted the federal government's request for a stay in the case of Trump v.
May 15, 2025 Tulsi Gabbard fired the National Intelligence Council chair and deputy after a report contradicted Trump's claims Tier 1 · Primary Information, Memory and Manipulation
The firings suggested political punishment for unwelcome intelligence analysis and weakened the independence of official information channels.
Supporting reports
- National Intelligence Council chair and deputy fired — On May 8, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard fired acting National Intelligence Council chair Michael Collins and deputy Maria Langan-Reikhof after the NIC produced a report contradicting President Trump's