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Sep 14, 2025 President Trump tried to remove Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The attempt tested the independence of a key economic institution by pressing presidential removal power against a Fed governor.
Supporting reports
- Trump attempts to remove Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook — President Donald J.
Aug 24, 2025 President Trump threatened to remove Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook and later announced her removal Tier 1 · Primary Power and Authority
The move challenged the independence of a key economic institution by using executive power against an official who disputed the president's authority.
Supporting reports
- Trump Threatens to Fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook — President Donald Trump has threatened to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook, demanding her resignation over unverified allegations of mortgage fraud.
- Trump Attempts to Fire Federal Reserve Director Lisa Cook — President Trump attempted to fire Federal Reserve Director Lisa Cook, citing "for cause" without legal basis.
- Trump Fires Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook — President Trump has fired Lisa Cook, the first Black woman to serve as a governor of the Federal Reserve, accusing her of mortgage fraud.
Jul 21, 2025 The Supreme Court lifted injunctions that had blocked State Department firings Corroborated Institutions and Governance
The order cleared the way for mass executive layoffs, showing how court rulings can reshape agency capacity and oversight limits.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court lifts injunctions allowing Trump administration to proceed with State Department firings — The U.S.
Jul 14, 2025 The Supreme Court granted a stay allowing the Department of Education to proceed with mass layoffs Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The order let the executive branch shrink a congressionally created department while litigation continued, weakening institutional checks.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court Grants Stay in McMahon v. New York — The Supreme Court granted the federal government's request for a stay in the case of McMahon v.
- Supreme Court Allows Education Department Cuts — The Supreme Court granted an emergency appeal from the Trump administration to proceed with firing nearly half of the Department of Education's workforce.
- Supreme Court grants stay on Department of Education layoffs — The Supreme Court granted a stay on a lower court's order that had blocked the Trump administration from laying off employees at the Department of Education.
Jun 26, 2025 The Supreme Court limited lower courts’ ability to issue nationwide injunctions in the birthright citizenship cases Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling reduced one of the judiciary’s main tools for quickly blocking contested executive policies across the country before merits decisions are final.
Supporting reports
- SCOTUS Limits Nationwide Injunctions — The Supreme Court of the United States ruled 6-3 that nationwide injunctions likely exceed the authority granted to the courts by Congress.
- Supreme Court Limits Judicial Power to Curb Presidential Policies — The U.S.
- Supreme Court Limits Lower Courts' Power to Block Executive Orders — The US Supreme Court ruled in favor of limiting the power of federal judges to issue nationwide injunctions, which have been used to block many of Donald Trump's executive orders, including his attempt to end
Jun 6, 2025 The Supreme Court stayed discovery into DOGE's internal executive communications and remanded the case Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The ruling limited judicial access to internal executive deliberations and strengthened secrecy claims during oversight litigation.
Supporting reports
- Remand ordered — CREW v. DOGE (D.D.C.) 1:25-cv-00511 — The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 to stay the lower courts' action, and also to treat the petition as a writ for certiorari.
- Supreme Court grants stay in U.S. Doge Service v. Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington — The Supreme Court granted a stay in the case of U.S.
- U.S. Doge Service v. CREW: Certiorari Granted and Stay Issued — The Supreme Court granted a stay and treated the application as a petition for a writ of certiorari in the case of U.S.
May 22, 2025 The Supreme Court allowed the removal of independent agency heads from the NLRB and MSPB to stand while appeals continued Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
The stay weakened protections for independent labor and civil service boards that help safeguard workers and due process inside government.
Supporting reports
- Supreme Court allows Trump to control independent agencies — The Supreme Court issued an unsigned order pausing lower court rulings that allowed board members at two independent agencies to remain in their positions despite attempts by Trump to fire them.
- Motion granted — Cathy A. Harris v. Bessent et al (D.C. Cir.) 25-5037 — The Supreme Court granted the government's request for a stay while the case is on appeal.
- Motion granted — Gwynne A. Wilcox v. Donald J. Trump et al (D.C. Cir.) 1:25-cv-00334 — The Supreme Court granted the federal government's request for a stay in the case of Trump v.
Apr 15, 2025 The Trump administration froze more than $2 billion in Harvard funds and threatened its tax status after Harvard rejected federal demands Tier 1 · Primary Economic Structure
The funding freeze used federal economic leverage to pressure an institution's governance and academic independence.
Supporting reports
- Trump administration freezes $2.3 billion in Harvard funds — The Trump administration, through the US Department of Education, announced the freezing of approximately $2.3 billion in federal funds to Harvard University.
- Trump administration freezes Harvard funding — The Trump administration has frozen $2.2 billion in grant money to Harvard and is threatening to revoke its tax-exempt status while demanding records on foreign students.
- IRS Plans to Revoke Harvard's Tax-Exempt Status — The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is reportedly planning to revoke Harvard University's tax-exempt status following the institution's defiance of the Trump administration's directives.
Apr 15, 2025 President Trump and President Bukele said Kilmar Abrego Garcia would not be returned and discussed expanding Salvadoran prison capacity Corroborated Power and Authority
The meeting publicly signaled resistance to court-ordered relief and normalized using a foreign prison system as an arm of executive detention policy.
Supporting reports
- Trump and Bukele Announce Plan to Defy Supreme Court Ruling — On April 14, 2025, President Donald Trump met with El Salvador's President Nayib Bukele in the Oval Office, where they announced their decision not to return Kilmar Abrego Garcia to the U.S., defying a Supreme Court
- President defies Supreme Court order on concentration camps — The President of the United States has openly defied a unanimous order from the Supreme Court by continuing to collaborate with the President of El Salvador to send individuals, including American citizens, to
Mar 17, 2025 Federal authorities deported Brown professor Rasha Alawieh despite a judge's notice order Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
The deportation showed how executive action could override an individual's access to judicial protection in immigration cases.
Supporting reports
- Brown University professor deported despite judge’s order — Rasha Alawieh, a Brown University medical professor, was deported to Lebanon despite a US district court judge's order blocking her immediate removal.
- Deportation of Brown University Professor Despite Court Order — Dr.
Mar 15, 2025 The Trump administration continued deportation flights to El Salvador after Judge Boasberg's order Tier 1 · Primary Civil Rights and Dissent
Proceeding with removals despite a court order threatened due process and bodily security for migrants facing summary expulsion.
Supporting reports
- Trump administration ignores court order on deportations — Despite a court order blocking deportations, the Trump administration reportedly continued to carry out flights to deport individuals deemed dangerous.
- US deports 250 alleged gang members to El Salvador despite court ruling — The United States deported over 250 alleged gang members to El Salvador, despite a federal judge's ruling to halt the flights.
- Trump’s Deportation Czar disregarded court orders — Tom Homan stated on Fox that the Trump Administration would continue deportation efforts despite court orders, indicating a disregard for judicial authority.
Feb 15, 2025 The Trump administration defied federal court orders pausing executive actions and restoring funding Tier 1 · Primary Institutions and Governance
The repeated defiance tested whether courts could still constrain the executive branch and protect the separation of powers.
Supporting reports
- Trump administration defies federal court orders — The Trump administration has been defying federal court orders that were meant to pause its actions perceived as subverting the Constitution and federal bureaucracy.
- Trump administration defies court orders to restore funding to federal bodies — The Trump administration has defied court orders that mandated the restoration of funding to federal bodies such as the National Institutes of Health.